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Help CenterSteel Pipe & Tube & High Pressure Boiler Tube，20G、20MnG、25MnG、15CrMoG、12Cr2MoG、12Cr1MoVG、10Cr9Mo1VNb（T91/P91）、12Cr9W2VNbB（T92/P92）
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1. Product Definition & Overview
High-pressure boiler tubes are seamless heat-resistant steel tubes specially used for high-temperature and high-pressure thermal equipment. Manufactured by integral piercing and rolling without any welding seam, they serve as the core pressure-bearing components for boiler heating surfaces, headers, main steam pipelines and heat exchangers.
These tubes operate continuously under extreme conditions: high temperature of 450℃~620℃, high pressure of 6~28MPa, and corrosive environments caused by high-temperature flue gas and superheated steam. They feature high stress rupture strength, excellent high-temperature creep resistance, oxidation & steam corrosion resistance, stable metallographic structure, and superior thermal fatigue performance.
The product series covers carbon steel boiler tubes, low-alloy heat-resistant tubes, and high-alloy martensitic ultra-high-temperature tubes. All tubes are delivered after normalized and tempered heat treatment. Strict full-length non-destructive testing and piece-by-piece hydrostatic testing are implemented throughout production. The control of impurities, decarburization layer and internal cleanliness is far stricter than ordinary seamless pipes, fully meeting safety standards for thermal power, nuclear power and petrochemical special equipment.
2. Executive Standards
2.1 Chinese National Standards
GB/T 5310-2023 Seamless steel tubes for high-pressure boilers (core mandatory standard for power station boilers)
GB/T 3087 Seamless steel tubes for low & medium-pressure boilers
GB/T 8163 Seamless steel tubes for fluid transportation (boiler auxiliary pipelines)
GB 9948 Seamless steel tubes for petroleum cracking (high-temperature furnace tubes for petrochemical industry)
2.2 International Standards (Export Version)
ASME SA213 / SA213M Alloy tubes for boilers, superheaters and heat exchangers (T12, T22, T91, T92)
ASME SA335 / SA335M Ferritic alloy seamless pipes for high-temperature main steam service (P12, P22, P91, P92)
ASME SA210 Carbon steel seamless boiler tubes
EN 10216-2, DIN 17175, JIS G3461 European, German and Japanese boiler tube standards
3. Product Classification
3.1 Classification by Material Grade
Carbon Steel High-Pressure Boiler Tubes
Grades: 20G, 20MnG, 25MnG. Long-term working temperature ≤480℃. Suitable for economizers, water walls and medium-pressure auxiliary steam pipelines. Good ductility and weldability with cost-effective performance.
Low-Alloy Heat-Resistant Boiler Tubes
Grades: 15CrMoG, 12Cr2MoG, 12Cr1MoVG. Mainstream materials for subcritical power stations. Stable operation at 550℃~580℃ with excellent creep resistance. Widely used in superheaters, reheaters and high-temperature headers.
High-Alloy Ultra-High Temperature Boiler Tubes
Grades: T91/P91, T92/P92. Maximum working temperature up to 620℃. Designed for supercritical and ultra-supercritical power units and nuclear power high-temperature pipelines. Outstanding oxidation resistance and stress corrosion resistance.
3.2 Classification by Production Process
Hot-Rolled Boiler Tubes: Large diameter and thick wall, mainly used for power plant headers and large-diameter main steam pipelines.
Cold-Drawn Precision Boiler Tubes: Small/medium diameter and thin wall with smooth inner and outer surfaces, applied for superheater coils and finned heat exchanger tubes.
3.3 Classification by Application
Economizer tube, water wall tube, superheater tube, reheater tube, header tube, main steam pipe, waste heat boiler tube, petrochemical cracking furnace tube.
4. Main Steel Grades & Working Conditions
20G: Basic carbon boiler steel. Max working temperature 475℃, max pressure ≤9.8MPa. Used for water walls, economizers and auxiliary circulating pipelines of medium & high-pressure boilers.
15CrMoG: Cr-Mo low-alloy steel. Continuous service temperature up to 550℃. Widely used in industrial high-pressure boilers, petrochemical heating furnaces and medium-temperature superheaters.
12Cr1MoVG: Cr-Mo-V multi-alloy heat-resistant steel. Core grade for thermal power units, stable at 580℃. The preferred material for subcritical superheaters, reheaters and main steam pipelines with superior anti-creep performance.
12Cr2MoG (T22/P22): High chromium-molybdenum alloy. Temperature resistance up to 590℃. Applied for heavy-duty high-pressure headers and large-diameter high-temperature steam pipelines.
T91/P91, T92/P92: Martensitic heat-resistant alloy steel. Ultimate working temperature 600~620℃. Used for core high-temperature pressure pipelines of supercritical / ultra-supercritical thermal power and nuclear power units, featuring excellent oxidation and steam corrosion resistance.
5. Mechanical Properties & Factory Inspection Standards
5.1 Standard Mechanical Performance
Yield Strength: 245~415MPa (carbon steel); 295~480MPa (low alloy); ≥415MPa (P91/P92 high alloy)
Tensile Strength: 415~650MPa, uniform microstructure without segregation
Elongation: ≥21%, excellent toughness to prevent brittle fracture under thermal alternating loads
High-temperature stress rupture strength: Stable residual strength after thousands of hours of continuous high-temperature operation, no creep swelling or tube burst risk
Processing performance: Pass flattening, flaring and 180° cold bending tests without cracks; perfect weldability with matched alloy welding materials
5.2 Mandatory Full Inspection Items
100% Piece-by-Piece Hydrostatic TestTest pressure calculated by formula P=2SR/D. Pressure holding ≥30 seconds with zero leakage, no bulging or deformation. Max test pressure up to 28MPa for high-pressure alloy tubes.
Full-Length NDT (UT + ET)Full coverage ultrasonic and eddy current testing to detect internal laminations, cracks, inclusions and subsurface defects, ensuring zero defective products.
Additional tests: Spectral chemical analysis, hardness test, grain size detection, decarburization layer inspection, dimensional tolerance check, internal surface roughness testing.
6. Complete Specification Range
Outer Diameter: 16mm ~ 720mm, covering small coil tubes to large-diameter main steam pipes
Wall Thickness: 2.5mm ~ 85mm, available in standard, thickened and extra-heavy wall for ultra-high pressure service
Standard Length: 6m, 9m, 12m; customized fixed lengths, cutting and precise end chamfering are available
6.1 Appearance Quality
Straight tube body with minimal deflection; smooth internal and external surfaces free of cracks, folds, scars, oxide scales and rust; uniform wall thickness with tight tolerance within ±0.1mm; flat and burr-free pipe ends for convenient welding and assembly.
7. Production Process Flow
Billet re-inspection → constant temperature heating → piercing & rolling → sizing & straightening → dedicated boiler tube heat treatment (normalizing + tempering) → shot blasting & descaling → full-length UT & ET non-destructive testing → individual hydrostatic pressure test → precise dimensional inspection → pipe end chamfering & deburring → permanent marking (grade, standard, heat number, batch number) → plastic end cap protection → steel belt bundling & warehousing
Professional heat treatment eliminates residual stress and stabilizes high-temperature metallographic structure, fundamentally avoiding deformation and stress cracking during long-term high-temperature operation.
8. Core Product Advantages
Excellent High-Temperature & High-Pressure ResistanceAlloy grades operate stably at 450~620℃, resisting steam thermal stress and eliminating high-temperature softening, creep and tube burst risks of ordinary carbon pipes.
Superior Creep & Oxidation ResistanceChromium, molybdenum and vanadium elements form a dense protective oxide film, slowing high-temperature deformation and extending service life of power station core pipelines to more than 10 years.
Integral Seamless StructureNo welding weak points, uniform wall stress distribution, much higher safety factor than welded pipes under alternating thermal loads.
High Internal CleanlinessStrict internal roughness control reduces steam flow resistance, prevents scaling and local overheating, and prolongs boiler service cycle.
Perfect Welding CompatibilityMatched alloy welding consumables ensure consistent mechanical performance between weld seam and base metal after standardized pre-heating and post-weld tempering treatment.
Full Standard Compliance & TraceabilityFully compliant with domestic and international boiler & pressure vessel codes with complete test documents, suitable for global power and chemical project bidding and third-party acceptance.
9. Main Application Fields
Thermal Power Industry: Water walls, economizers, superheaters, reheaters, headers and main steam pipelines of subcritical, supercritical and ultra-supercritical boilers.
Nuclear Power Industry: Nuclear island auxiliary high-temperature steam pipelines, waste heat recovery heat exchanger tubes, high-pressure circulating medium pipelines.
Petrochemical Industry: Refining cracking furnace tubes, hydrogenation unit heat exchange tubes, high-temperature and high-pressure reaction transmission pipelines.
Industrial High-Pressure Boilers: Steam boilers for large chemical plants, waste incineration waste heat boilers, metallurgical furnace circulating pipes.
New Energy Equipment: Biomass power generation boiler tubes, solar thermal heat exchange pipelines, high-pressure heat transfer tubes for energy storage systems.
10. Welding, Installation & Operation Specifications
Alloy boiler tubes must use matched alloy welding materials. Pipe end pre-heating before welding and thermal insulation tempering after welding are required to eliminate residual welding stress and prevent cold cracks.
Expansion joints and sliding supports shall be installed according to thermal expansion coefficients to reserve expansion margin and avoid tensile cracking under high temperature.
Full-system hydrostatic test and steam purging are mandatory before boiler commissioning to remove welding slag and impurities and prevent blockage and local overheating burnout.
For long-term shutdown equipment, internal anti-rust sealing and dry storage are required to avoid inner wall pitting corrosion.
Ultra-high temperature alloy tubes such as T91/T92 must be wrapped with professional high-temperature insulation materials to reduce heat loss and surface oxidation peeling.
11. Packaging, Quality Documents & Customization Service
11.1 Export Standard Packaging
Small-diameter tubes are bundled and fixed with steel belts, equipped with dust-proof and anti-collision plastic end caps. Large-diameter tubes are individually protected with anti-rust paper and woven cloth. Tube bodies are permanently marked with grade, size, standard, heat and batch numbers for full traceability. Thin-wall precision tubes are packed in moisture-proof wooden cases to prevent extrusion deformation during sea transportation.
11.2 Complete Factory Certification Documents
Full set of original delivery documents: chemical composition report, mechanical property test report, hydrostatic test certificate, UT & ET non-destructive testing report and product certificate. SGS, BV, TÜV third-party inspection is available to meet project acceptance and export customs clearance requirements.
11.3 Customization Services
Custom non-standard OD & wall thickness, arbitrary fixed-length cutting, pipe end bevel pre-processing, internal & external shot blasting anti-rust treatment, finned tube deep processing. Full certification documents compliant with GB, ASME and EN standards are available for global power and chemical projects.
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