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Help CenterSteel Sheet & Plate & Steel Sheet Pile，S275GP、S355GP、S390GP、S430GP
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1. Product Definition & Core Overview
Steel sheet piles are special section steel with precision interlocking clutches on both sides. They are integrally formed via hot rolling or cold bending. When multiple piles interlock with each other, a continuous watertight and soil-retaining wall can be formed. They are divided into two major categories: hot rolled steel sheet piles (main material for heavy engineering) and cold-formed thin-wall steel sheet piles (for simple temporary projects).
With high strength, strong flexural rigidity, excellent water sealing & anti-seepage performance, recyclable turnover capability, fast construction speed and small floor space occupation, the product is suitable for complex working conditions with alternating dry & wet environments and complicated soil-water pressure, such as foundation pit support, cofferdam water cutoff, coastal revetment, flood emergency rescue and offshore docks. As eco-friendly recyclable construction material, it is widely used in municipal, bridge, water conservancy, port and rail transit infrastructure projects.
2. Executive Standards
2.1 Chinese National Standards
GB/T 20933-2021 Hot rolled steel sheet piles (core national standard for hot rolled sheet piles)
GB/T 6728 General technical conditions for cold-formed sections (applicable to cold-formed sheet piles)
GB/T 700 Carbon structural steels
GB/T 1591 High strength low alloy structural steels
2.2 International General Export Standards
EN 10248 European standard for hot rolled steel sheet piles
JIS A5528 Japanese specification for steel sheet piles
ASTM A328 / A572 Gr50 American standard structural sheet piles
ISO 9001 Quality system standard for sheet pile production
3. Complete Product Classification
3.1 Classification by Production Process
Hot Rolled Steel Sheet Pile (First Choice for Heavy-Duty Engineering)Integrally formed under high-temperature hot rolling, featuring thick and precise clutches with tight sealing, large section modulus and high bending bearing capacity. Web thickness ranges from 10mm to 24mm. It is suitable for deep-water cofferdams, ultra-deep foundation pits, permanent dock revetments and large permanent hydraulic structures. Main series: PU, PZ (Larsen Type III / Type IV).
Cold-Formed Thin-Wall Steel Sheet Pile (Light-Duty Temporary Engineering)Rolled and formed from steel strips at room temperature, with web thickness of 4–14mm, low cost and flexible custom lengths. Its clutch strength is inferior to hot rolled sheet piles, mainly used for shallow foundation pits, temporary trench support and short-term simple soil retaining projects.
3.2 Classification by Cross-Section Shape
U-Type Steel Sheet Pile (Larsen Pile, Most Widely Used)U-shaped cross-section with symmetric central clutches. The assembled wall is stable and balanced with outstanding water tightness and convenient construction. It covers all scenarios including temporary foundation pits, river cofferdams and flood dikes as well as medium & small revetments. Typical models: PU600, FSPⅢ, FSPⅣ.
Z-Type Steel Sheet Pile (Special for Heavy Load & Deep Water)Clutches are arranged on both sides of the web, delivering higher section modulus and moment of inertia with excellent bending and lateral pressure resistance. Light self-weight and wide single width reduce clutch joints and improve anti-seepage effect. It is applied to deep-water docks, foundation pits deeper than 10m and permanent offshore retaining walls.
Flat Straight Sheet PileFlat cross-section with prominent tensile resistance of clutches. Mostly used for cellular cofferdams, anti-seepage partition walls and closed circular cage structures. Its independent bending capacity is weak, so supporting systems are required.
Composite Sheet Pile WallCombined structure of large H-beam main piles and infill sheet piles with greatly improved overall rigidity, applicable to deep-sea platforms, heavy-load ports and heavy hydraulic projects with complex geological conditions.
3.3 Classification by Material Grade
Q235B: General carbon steel for short-term temporary projects and inland fresh water environments
Q355B / S355JR: HSLA steel for deep water, deep foundation pits and long-service permanent structures
Weathering steel / Marine special steel: Special material for coastal high salt fog and anti-corrosion dock working conditions
3.4 Classification by Anti-Corrosion Delivery State
Black mill finish: For short-term temporary site turnover without anti-corrosion treatment
Hot-dip galvanized sheet pile: For permanent coastal and hydraulic projects with service life over 50 years, resistant to seawater salt fog corrosion
Epoxy coal tar pitch coating: Special anti-corrosion coating for river silt and acid-alkali corrosive geology
4. Specification Range
Effective Width: 400mm, 500mm, 600mm, 700mm, 770mm (main width of U/Z type)
Web Thickness: Hot rolled: 10–24mm; Cold formed: 4–14mm
Single Pile Length: 6m, 9m, 12m, 15m, 18m; custom arbitrary cutting length available
Section Modulus: PU series: 1200–3600 cm³/m; PZ series: 1800–4200 cm³/m
Clutch Water Tightness: Interlock permeability ≤1×10⁻⁷cm/s, no water leakage under normal interlocking
Surface Requirements: Smooth clutches free of burrs, deformation and material shortage; plate surface without lamination, cracks or penetrating defects
5. Core Mechanical Properties & Factory Inspection Items
Main Mechanical Properties of Q355B Yield strength ≥355MPa, tensile strength 470–630MPa, elongation after fracture ≥21%; no clutch cracking or disengagement after 180° cold bending test.
Mandatory Factory Inspection Items
Full inspection of dimension, width, thickness and clutch profile
Tensile and cold bending mechanical property tests
Clutch matching and water tightness test
Visual inspection of surface defects and flatness
Coating thickness test for galvanized / coated products
6. Complete Production Process Flow
Hot Rolled Sheet Pile Process
Billet heating → High-pressure water descaling → Multi-pass hot rolling to form clutches and cross-sections → Controlled cooling → Straightening & leveling → Fixed-length cutting → Clutch finishing & polishing → Marking of model, heat batch number and standard → Random physical & chemical inspection → Bundling & warehousing
Cold-Formed Sheet Pile Process
Uncoiling of hot rolled pickled strip → Multi-pass room-temperature roll forming of clutches and cross-sections → Fixed-length cutting → Straightening → Surface quality inspection → Bundling & packaging
The integrated hot rolling process forms integral clutches with dense internal microstructure. The clutches feature far stronger extrusion and tensile resistance than secondary cold-formed products, free from water leakage and disengagement under long-term soil and water load.
7. Core Product Advantages (vs Concrete Retaining Wall)
Excellent Water Seepage Resistance Precision integrally formed clutches interlock tightly to form sealed joints without extra waterproof auxiliary materials, effectively stopping underground and river water leakage during cofferdam and foundation pit construction.
Fast Construction & Greatly Shortened Construction Period Piles are driven into soil continuously by vibratory hammers without large-area excavation support. Large-section hot rolled sheet piles reduce multi-layer inner supports, lifting construction efficiency of deep foundation pits by more than 50%.
Recyclable with Lower Comprehensive Cost Piles can be vibrated out for secondary reuse after temporary project completion, generating no concrete construction waste. Repeated turnover for multiple projects significantly reduces total project cost with eco-friendly performance.
Small Floor Space Suitable for Narrow Sites Thin pile body occupies minimal width of construction red line, ideal for narrow urban roads, areas surrounding metro lines and foundation pits in old town reconstruction.
Adaptable to Extreme Complex Working Conditions Applicable to deep water, quicksand, soft soil and high groundwater level as well as coastal high salt fog environments; galvanized anti-corrosion version achieves permanent service life over 50 years.
Outstanding Performance in Emergency Rescue Piles can be quickly driven to form retaining barriers for flood, landslide and quicksand emergencies with high timeliness, serving as core material for water conservancy flood control and geological disaster rescue.
8. Main Application Fields
Municipal & Building Foundation Pit Engineering Foundation pits for high-rise basements, underground parking lots, deep foundation pits of rail transit stations and temporary soil retaining for pipe trenches
River & Water Conservancy Engineering Cofferdams for bridge construction, river regulation revetments, river cutoff, flood dikes, reservoir anti-seepage walls and emergency flood barriers
Port & Offshore Engineering Dock bulkheads, breakwaters, shipyards, temporary enclosures for offshore wind power foundations and composite cofferdams for deep-sea platforms
Road & Bridge Infrastructure In-water bearing platform cofferdams for river-crossing bridges, subgrade slope reinforcement and temporary water & soil retaining for tunnel excavation
Environmental Protection & Emergency Rescue Engineering Anti-seepage barriers for sewage tanks, isolation walls for silt treatment, flood control and emergency support for landslide & quicksand hazards
9. Piling, Application & Anti-Corrosion Specifications
Select cold-formed sheet piles for shallow foundation pits and short-term inland projects; hot rolled U/Z sheet piles must be adopted for deep water, ultra-deep foundation pits and permanent coastal structures.
Clear underground stones and hard obstacles before piling to avoid clutch collision deformation and water leakage; keep verticality during piling operation.
Hot-dip galvanized anti-corrosion sheet piles are mandatory for coastal and long-term underwater projects with regular coating wear inspection; black mill finish is acceptable for short-term inland construction sites.
Steel waling beams and inner supports shall be equipped for foundation pit support to control lateral pile deformation; diagonal braces are added for deep-water cofferdams to improve overall stability.
Conduct slow vibratory extraction after project completion; avoid violent pulling which may cause clutch tearing and permanent pile deformation to guarantee secondary turnover reuse.
Waterstop putty can be filled at interlocking joints of multiple piles to further enhance anti-seepage performance under high water pressure.
10. Packaging, Quality Documents & Customization Services
10.1 Standard Packaging
Long piles are stacked in multiple layers with wooden block isolation at the bottom, fastened by multiple transverse and longitudinal steel straps. Plastic protective sleeves are fitted on clutches at both ends to prevent collision deformation. Each bundle is sprayed with model, material grade, length and heat batch number for full traceability. Moisture-proof and rain-proof wooden pallets are provided for export orders.
10.2 Complete Factory Quality Certification Documents
Full set of original delivery documents: factory material certificate, spectral chemical composition report, tensile & cold bending mechanical test report, dimensional inspection record and factory qualification certificate. Third-party inspection by SGS and BV is available to meet domestic infrastructure acceptance and overseas port & hydraulic project customs clearance requirements.
10.3 Customization Services
Custom arbitrary fixed-length cutting, special thickened cross-section, hot-dip galvanizing / epoxy coating anti-corrosion treatment; matching supply of waling H-beams and waterstop auxiliary materials. Multi-standard compliance certificates (GB, EN, JIS, ASTM) can be issued for global infrastructure, port and water conservancy engineering manufacturers.
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