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Help CenterSteel Pipe & Tube & Alloy Steel Pipe，P5/P9/P11/P22/P91、T11/T22/T91
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1. Product Overview
Alloy steel tubes are special pipes smelted by adding alloy elements such as chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), vanadium (V), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) on the basis of high-quality carbon steel. They are divided into seamless alloy steel tubes and welded alloy steel tubes, among which seamless products are the main supply type. Compared with ordinary carbon steel tubes, they feature outstanding high temperature resistance, high pressure resistance, creep resistance, acid and alkali corrosion resistance, strong low-temperature toughness and high tensile strength. They are special pipes for harsh working conditions including high-temperature pressure-bearing systems, chemical fluid transportation, energy power stations and oil & gas exploitation. The material can be fully recycled, complying with energy-saving and environmentally friendly industrial standards.
Functions of Core Alloy Elements
Chromium (Cr): Improve high temperature resistance, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance;
Molybdenum (Mo): Boost high-temperature strength, creep resistance and pitting corrosion resistance;
Vanadium (V): Refine grain structure, enhance tensile strength and wear resistance;
Nickel (Ni): Optimize low-temperature impact toughness, suitable for acidic corrosive media;
Manganese (Mn): Increase hardenability and plasticity of steel, reduce cracking risks.
2. Product Classification
2.1 Classified by Total Alloy Content
Low Alloy Steel Tubes (Total Alloy Content ＜5%)Representative Grades: 16Mn, 15CrMo, 4130, 12Cr1MoVApplication: Medium & low pressure boilers, pressure vessels, engineering machinery structures, normal temperature fluid transportation.
Medium Alloy Steel Tubes (Total Alloy Content 5%–10%)Representative Grades: P5, P9, T9, 12Cr2MoApplication: Petrochemical heating furnaces, medium-high temperature heat exchange pipelines, oil refining equipment.
High Alloy Heat-Resistant Steel Tubes (Total Alloy Content ＞10%)Representative Grades: P11, P22, P91, P92, 12Cr1MoVGApplication: Supercritical power station boilers, superheaters, reheaters, nuclear power high-temperature main pipelines, long-term service under high temperature above 550℃.
2.2 Classified by Manufacturing Process
Seamless Alloy Steel Tubes (Main Supply)
Hot Rolled Alloy Tubes: Large diameter & heavy wall, OD 168–711mm, WT 5–100mm;
Cold Drawn / Cold Rolled Precision Alloy Tubes: Small diameter with high precision, OD 6–168mm, WT 0.5–50mm, tight dimensional tolerance and smooth inner wall, applicable to hydraulic systems, instruments and heat exchangers.
Welded Alloy Steel TubesIncluding ERW longitudinal weld, LSAW/SSAW submerged arc weld. Used for ultra-large diameter structural pipes and low-pressure transportation pipelines, with lower pressure bearing capacity than seamless tubes.
2.3 Classified by Application
High pressure boiler tubes, fluid transportation alloy tubes, low temperature alloy tubes, mechanical structural alloy tubes, petroleum cracking tubes, nuclear power special alloy tubes.
3. Common Material Grades & Executive Standards
3.1 Domestic Chinese GB Standards
GB/T 5310-2017: Seamless alloy steel tubes for high pressure boilers (12Cr1MoVG)
GB/T 8163-2018: Seamless alloy steel tubes for fluid transportation
GB/T 9948-2006: Alloy steel tubes for petroleum cracking
GB/T 18984-2017: Low temperature seamless alloy steel tubes
GB/T 3077: Standard for alloy structural steel billets
3.2 International General Export Standards
ASTM A335/ASME SA335: High temperature seamless alloy steel tubes (P5/P9/P11/P22/P91)
ASTM A213/ASME SA213: Boiler & heat exchanger alloy tubes (T11/T22/T91)
EN 10216-2: European standard pressure-bearing alloy steel tubes
DIN 17175: German standard heat-resistant alloy tubes
API 5L: Alloy steel line pipes for oil & gas transportation
Matching Working Conditions of Main Grades
| Material Grade | Max Long-Term Service Temp | Main Application Scenarios |
|---|---|---|
| 15CrMo / 12Cr1MoV | ≤520℃ | Medium pressure boilers in power plants, chemical heat exchange equipment |
| 12Cr1MoVG / P22 | ≤580℃ | Power station superheaters, reheaters, petrochemical high temperature furnace tubes |
| P91 / T91 | ≤620℃ | Supercritical generating units, nuclear power high-temperature pipelines |
| 4130 (42CrMo) | Ambient Temp – 450℃ | Hydraulic cylinders, transmission shafts, precision hydraulic pipelines for machinery |
| 16Mn (Q355) | ≤420℃ | Pressure vessels, steel structures, fluid transportation |
4. Specification Range
Outer Diameter (OD): 6mm–711mm; customized ultra-large diameter up to 1200mm available
Wall Thickness (WT): 0.5mm–150mm; thin-wall heat exchange tubes 0.5–5mm, heavy-wall high pressure tubes 50–150mm
Wall Thickness Schedule: STD standard wall, XS extra strong, XXS double extra strong, American standard series SCH40/SCH80/SCH160 etc.
Fixed Length: Standard fixed lengths 6m, 9m, 12m; customizable random lengths from 3m to 23m as client’s request, single random / double random lengths available
Pipe Ends: Plain End, Beveled End, Threaded End
5. Complete Production Process
Raw steel billet inspection → Heating in annular furnace → Piercing into hollow shell → Hot rolling / cold drawing sizing → Straightening → Overall heat treatment (annealing / normalizing & tempering / quenching & tempering) → Non-destructive testing → Cutting & facing → Hydrostatic & air tightness test → Surface rust removal treatment → Final full inspection, marking & warehousing
Key Heat Treatment Process: Eliminate internal rolling stress, stabilize metallographic structure, improve high-temperature creep resistance and impact toughness to avoid deformation and cracking under high temperature & pressure;
Full-process Inspection: 100% NDT per tube, hydrostatic test, PMI spectrum re-inspection of chemical composition, complete Material Test Certificate (MTC) provided.
6. Delivery Condition & Surface Treatment
6.1 Heat Treatment Delivery Status
Annealed (A): For cold drawn precision tubes, reduce hardness for secondary machining;
Normalized & Tempered (N+T): General status for boiler and high-temperature pipelines;
Quenched & High-temperature Tempered (Q+T): For high-strength heavy-wall structural tubes.
6.2 Optional Surface Treatments
Hot Rolled Black Surface: Sprayed with anti-rust oil before delivery, for conventional engineering pipelines;
Sand Blasting & Rust Removal: Remove oxide scale for convenient welding, anti-corrosion and painting;
Pickling Bright Surface: For precision heat exchange tubes and hydraulic pipelines, oxide-free inner wall;
Polished Surface: For high-precision instruments and clean fluid pipelines;
External Black Anti-rust Coating: For outdoor open-air use to extend anti-rust storage period.
7. Product Advantages
Excellent High Temperature & High Pressure Resistance: P91/P22 series can operate stably under temperature up to 600℃ and pressure above 16MPa for long term without creep deformation;
Good Corrosion Resistance: Cr-Mo alloy system resists steam oxidation, hydrogen sulfide in oil & gas and weak acid medium corrosion;
Superior Low-temperature Toughness: Special low-temperature alloy tubes free of brittle fracture at -45℃, suitable for oil & gas and liquefaction equipment in cold northern regions;
High Dimensional Precision: Cold drawn precision tubes with OD tolerance ±0.05mm, ready for direct assembly without secondary turning;
Stable Weldability: Uniform metallographic structure after heat treatment, free of welding cracks, easy for construction and maintenance;
Long Service Life: Under the same working conditions, service life is 3–5 times longer than ordinary carbon steel tubes, lowering equipment replacement costs.
8. Main Application Industries
Power & Energy Industry: High-pressure boilers, superheaters, reheaters, header main steam pipelines for thermal & nuclear power plants;
Petrochemical Industry: Oil refining heating furnaces, oil & gas gathering pipelines, hydrogenation units, high-pressure reactors for chemical fertilizer;
Machinery Manufacturing: Hydraulic cylinders, transmission shafts, mold cylinders, load-bearing structures for construction machinery;
Heat Exchange Equipment: Shell & tube heat exchangers, waste heat recovery boilers, refrigeration heat exchange tube bundles;
Pressure Vessel Industry: High-pressure gas storage tanks, reactor barrels, medium & low pressure pressure-bearing equipment;
Aerospace, Military & Shipbuilding: High-temperature hydraulic pipelines, power pressure-bearing components.
9. Inspection Standards & Quality Assurance Documents
Full Set of Factory Inspection Items
Spectrum Chemical Analysis: Test content of C, Si, Mn, S, P, Cr, Mo, V and other alloy elements;
Mechanical Property Test: Tensile strength, yield strength, elongation after fracture, Brinell/Rockwell hardness, normal & low temperature impact test;
Non-destructive Testing: UT ultrasonic test, MT magnetic particle test, PT penetrant test to detect internal cracks and laminations;
Hydrostatic Test: Hold pressure at 1.5 times design pressure without leakage in accordance with standards;
Full dimensional & visual inspection: Outer diameter, wall thickness, straightness, ovality and surface defects.
Delivered Certificates
EN10204 3.1/3.2 Material Test Certificate supplied, including heat treatment curve, NDT report, hydrostatic test record and PMI re-inspection sheet. Third-party witness inspection by SGS, BV, TÜV is available to meet EU PED and American ASME certification requirements for export.
10. Packaging, Shipment & Lead Time
Packaging Methods
Small & medium diameter tubes: Bundled with steel strips, plastic dust-proof caps on pipe ends, wrapped with anti-rust film;
Large diameter heavy-wall tubes: Fixed individually with steel strips, rubber protective rings on both ends;
Export precision small tubes: Packed in wooden cases with VCI anti-rust paper inside to resist sea salt fog during ocean transportation.
Marking: Steel grade, standard, specification, heat number and production date sprayed on each bundle for full traceability.
Shipment Port: Direct delivery from Tianjin Port; domestic land transport by full trucks.
Production Lead Time: 5–7 days for regular spot goods, 15–25 days for customized special specifications.
Payment Term: 30% TT advance payment, balance paid before shipment, Letter of Credit (LC) not acceptable.
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