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Where can you find integrated sewage treatment equipment? Come to Shandong Zetray Environmental Protection!!
With the rapid increase of the urban population in China, the urban water demand has increased sharply. The urban water demand in China will increase significantly. According to statistics, the urban sewage treatment capacity in China has exceeded that of the United States (150 million cubic meters per day). In the first quarter of 2014, the number of sewage treatment plants was 3,622. According to relevant regulations, the urban sewage treatment rate shall not be less than 70%. To achieve this goal, China needs to build nearly 1,000 new sewage treatment plants, with a total investment of up to 200 to 300 billion yuan. In addition, the investment in the corresponding pipeline network construction is also very large. Therefore, it is in line with China's national conditions and development situation to transform the sewage treatment system from large-scale centralized to small and medium-scale decentralized, forming a layout of "dominated by large-scale and complemented by small and medium-scale".
This provides a new opportunity for the application and development of integrated sewage treatment equipment. At present, in China, Japan, Europe, the United States and other countries and regions, integrated equipment has been widely used in the fields of domestic sewage and wastewater treatment in hospitals, papermaking, food, chemical industry, etc., and has become a research and application hotspot of sewage treatment equipment in recent years.
1. Advantages of the equipment
Compared with large-scale sewage treatment systems, integrated sewage treatment equipment has the advantages of high treatment efficiency, low energy consumption, less sludge production, convenient management, and small floor area. Therefore, integrated sewage treatment equipment has been widely used in the field of sewage treatment. Moreover, under the new situation, it has irreplaceable advantages:
(1) Make full use of idle social funds. At present, on the one hand, there is a huge financial pressure to build large-scale sewage treatment plants, and on the other hand, there are a large amount of idle social funds that are difficult to utilize. The total investment of integrated equipment is very small, which is suitable for small-scale social funds investment such as real estate properties and small factories, and can directly and effectively utilize such idle funds. This is also more in line with China's environmental protection feature of "whoever pollutes, whoever treats".
(2) Relieve the pressure of municipal pipeline network construction. Building large-scale sewage treatment plants often requires the construction of large-scale municipal pipeline network systems. For places with underdeveloped pipeline networks such as small residential areas, scenic spots, and factories, it is neither convenient to manage nor economical to build sewage treatment plants. In this case, it is more appropriate to use integrated sewage treatment equipment. In addition, for the separate drainage system, after the sewage with a small flow rate is treated by the integrated equipment, it can be directly discharged into the rainwater pipeline or water body without increasing the pressure on the sewage pipeline.
(3) Effectively save construction area. The construction of sewage treatment plants will inevitably occupy a large area of land and damage the ecology. With the process of urbanization, the land is becoming increasingly scarce. The integrated equipment has high treatment efficiency and can be buried underground for treatment, which basically does not occupy the surface area of the land and does not affect the overall layout and environmental landscape of the building complex.
(4) Effectively achieve reclaimed water reuse and save water. The main obstacle for large-scale sewage treatment plants to carry out reclaimed water services also lies in the need to lay a huge reclaimed water pipeline network. However, integrated sewage treatment equipment can be configured more flexibly. Usually, the drainage point is also the reclaimed water reuse point, and the construction of reclaimed water pipelines can be completely omitted. With the improvement of China's requirements for reclaimed water reuse, integrated equipment will show greater advantages.
2. General process flow
The integrated sewage treatment equipment uses aerobic biochemical method as the main treatment process (the process flow is shown in Figure 1). The equipment body includes a primary sedimentation tank, a biochemical tank, a secondary sedimentation tank and a disinfection tank. A regulating tank is generally required to be set before the equipment body to homogenize the water quality and quantity; the designed retention time is 4 - 8 hours. Both the primary sedimentation tank and the secondary sedimentation tank are vertical flow type. The biochemical tank mostly adopts the biofilm method with blast aeration, and the designed retention time is 4 - 8 hours. The effluent from the secondary sedimentation tank enters the disinfection tank. According to the specifications, the contact time is designed to be 0.5 hours, and for hospital sewage, the contact time is 1.5 - 2 hours.
The main treatment objects of the integrated sewage treatment equipment are domestic sewage with small and medium water volume and low-concentration organic wastewater. The designed influent CODCr
3. Technological innovation and development
Since the technology of integrated sewage treatment equipment was introduced into China in the early 1980s, with the improvement of sewage treatment requirements and its application and practice, it has been continuously innovated and developed. Generally speaking, the research on this technology mainly focuses on the improvement of the main process, the optimization and combination of the process flow, and the improvement of the filler performance, etc., to further improve the treatment efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and highlight the advantages of the integrated treatment equipment.
3.1 Improvement of the main process
The main process of the integrated sewage treatment equipment mostly adopts the biofilm method. The biofilm method has a high sludge concentration, a large volume load, strong impact resistance, and high treatment efficiency. Early equipment mainly used the biological rotating disk, which was bulky, difficult to control the biofilm, and the disk shaft was easily damaged. At present, the integrated sewage treatment equipment has gradually developed into the contact oxidation method and the biological fluidized bed process. In particular, the biological fluidized bed has become a research hotspot in recent years. Compared with the contact oxidation method, the biological fluidized bed has a higher sludge concentration, stronger impact resistance, a lower residual sludge rate, no blockage, uniform mixing, and a better nitrogen removal effect. Its configuration form is also more flexible than that of the contact oxidation method.
Ordinary biological fluidized beds add suspended fillers to sewage, providing a good carrier for microorganisms and increasing the microbial concentration. The fillers are in a fluidized state under the impetus of water flow and air flow, having the dual characteristics of biofilm and activated sludge. With the progress of research, new types such as biological semi-fluidized beds, BASE three-phase biological fluidized beds, and Circox air-lift biological fluidized beds have emerged continuously. The oxygenation characteristics, water flow state, sludge concentration, and nitrogen removal effect of fluidized beds have been greatly improved. The new type of fluidized bed has higher treatment efficiency and further reduces the floor area, but its structure is relatively complex and the height of the equipment increases accordingly. Therefore, it will take some time for these new types of fluidized beds to be applied to integrated equipment. In recent years, integrated equipment with MBR, SBR, DAT-IAT, etc. as the main processes have also been reported. The MBR method has high treatment efficiency and does not require a secondary sedimentation tank, but the investment and operating costs are relatively high and the management is relatively complex. The DAT-IAT and SBR methods belong to the intermittent activated sludge method, with relatively low treatment efficiency. Therefore, they are not widely used as the process of integrated sewage treatment equipment.
3.2 Optimal combination of process flow
The early process flow of integrated sewage treatment equipment was characterized by "small but complete", appearing rather bloated. With the application and development of integrated sewage treatment equipment, its process flow has been continuously improved, becoming more compact and improving the treatment efficiency. The improvement of the process flow mainly focuses on improving treatment efficiency, reducing floor area, and reducing energy consumption. The improvement of the process flow mainly includes three aspects:
(1) Replace the original primary sedimentation tank and sludge tank with an acidification tank, and the acidification tank and the regulating tank can be reversed. The sludge production of the integrated equipment is relatively small, and the sludge in the sedimentation tank (filter tank) can be returned to the acidification tank. The functions of the acidification tank include three aspects: First, the macromolecular organic matter in the sewage can be decomposed into small molecular organic matter through hydrolysis and acidification, improving the biodegradability; the retention time in the biochemical tank can be reduced to about 4 hours; fillers can also be set in the acidification tank to increase the concentration of acidifying bacteria. Second, the returned sludge can not only increase the microbial concentration in the acidification tank but also has a certain biological flocculation function, preliminarily flocculating and precipitating some suspended or colloidal pollutants and reducing the load on the subsequent biochemical tank. Third, the returned sludge is compressed under the action of hydraulic self-weight, and at the same time, the sludge can be digested to a certain extent in the acidification tank, further reducing the sludge volume; the sludge in the acidification tank is generally pumped regularly (once a year). The combination of the acidification tank, primary sedimentation tank, and sludge tank greatly reduces the floor area and improves the treatment efficiency.
(2) Develop from the original ordinary sedimentation tank to inclined tube sedimentation or filter tank. The upward flow velocity of sewage in an ordinary sedimentation tank is generally 0.1 - 0.5 mm/s, while the upward flow velocity of sewage in an inclined tube (plate) sedimentation tank can reach 0.3 - 0.5 mm/s, and its surface load is 3 - 5 times that of an ordinary sedimentation tank. The filter tank can use light filter materials. For example, Pengyao Group uses light foam filter beads, and the designed filtration rate can reach 0.5 - 1.0 mm/s, further improving the treatment efficiency. If the filter tank uses heavy filter materials (such as anthracite, quartz sand, etc.), the filtration rate can reach 2 - 4 mm/s; however, the heavy filter materials increase the weight of the equipment and are not suitable for equipment integration. Compared with ordinary sedimentation and inclined tube sedimentation, filtration uses the flocculation of sludge in the effluent of the biochemical tank to deposit on the surface of the filter material or in the pores of the filter material through contact adsorption, actually playing the dual roles of flocculation adsorption and shallow tank sedimentation [5]. Generally, inclined tube sedimentation or filter tanks are used for equipment with a capacity of more than 10 m³/h; ordinary sedimentation tanks are still used for equipment with a capacity of less than 10 m³/h.
(3) In recent years, the continuous development of high - efficiency flocculants has promoted the application of physical and chemical processes in sewage treatment. Sewage treatment tends to combine physical and chemical processes with biochemical processes. Chemical flocculants can strongly adsorb suspended solids and colloids in water, and can further reduce the biochemical treatment time (0.5 - 2h), thus minimizing the floor area. Some units have started the research, development and application of integrated equipment that combines physical and chemical processes with biochemical processes. Moreover, there have also been reports of treatment equipment that completely adopts physical and chemical methods, such as SPR equipment. However, a drawback of the physical and chemical methods is that the sludge production is relatively large, which increases the difficulty in management.
IV. Summary of Trends
(1) The integrated sewage treatment equipment adopts the biological fluidized bed process. It has a compact process and advanced technology, featuring high treatment efficiency, small floor area, and convenient management. It is especially suitable for small - scale domestic sewage treatment and organic sewage treatment with similar water quality.
(2) The integrated sewage treatment equipment can effectively utilize idle social funds, relieve the pressure of pipeline network construction, save construction area, and is suitable for reclaimed water treatment. It is a technology that conforms to China's national conditions and the development trend of sewage treatment, and has certain development prospects.
(3) The shift of sewage treatment from centralized treatment to decentralized treatment provides development opportunities for small - scale integrated sewage treatment equipment. However, it also adds new difficulties in supervision and management.
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