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Gardenia yellow (crocin, gardenia yellow), also known as crocin, commonly known as yellow gardenia, belongs to the carotenoid series. It is the yellow pigment in gardenia, and its yellow pigment component is crocin, a carotenoid pigment, which is the same as the crocin in saffron. Its molecular formula is C44H64O24, and the relative molecular mass is 976.97. Gardenia yellow can be used in fruit juice (flavored) drinks, prepared wines, cake toppings, popsicles, ice creams, puffed foods, jellies, noodles, candies, and canned chestnuts, etc. [1]
Properties of gardenia yellow:
It is an orange-yellow crystalline powder with a slight odor. It is easily soluble in water and immediately dissolves into a transparent yellow liquid in water. It is soluble in ethanol and propylene glycol but insoluble in fats. The pH value has little effect on its color tone. Its color tone is more stable than β-carotene in both acidic (pH 4 - 6) and alkaline (pH 8 - 11) conditions. Especially in alkaline conditions, the yellow color is more vivid, and it has the highest absorbance around a wavelength of 440nm. It has good salt resistance, reducibility resistance, and microorganism resistance. Under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions, gardenia yellow has good light resistance and heat resistance. However, at low pH values, its heat resistance and light resistance are poor, and it is prone to browning. It has a good dyeing effect on proteins and starches, that is, it has good coloring power for hydrophilic foods, but it is not very stable in aqueous solutions. It fades more significantly in acidic conditions than in alkaline conditions. It is quite stable to metal ions (such as aluminum, calcium, lead, copper, tin, etc.), and iron ions tend to turn gardenia yellow black.
Usage and dosage of gardenia yellow:
It is an orange-yellow crystalline powder with a slight odor. It is easily soluble in water and immediately dissolves into a transparent yellow liquid in water. It is soluble in ethanol and propylene glycol but insoluble in fats. The pH value has little effect on its color tone. Its color tone is more stable than β-carotene in both acidic (pH 4 - 6) and alkaline (pH 8 - 11) conditions. Especially in alkaline conditions, the yellow color is more vivid, and it has the highest absorbance around a wavelength of 440nm. It has good salt resistance, reducibility resistance, and microorganism resistance. Under neutral or slightly alkaline conditions, gardenia yellow has good light resistance and heat resistance. However, at low pH values, its heat resistance and light resistance are poor, and it is prone to browning. It has a good dyeing effect on proteins and starches, that is, it has good coloring power for hydrophilic foods, but it is not very stable in aqueous solutions. It fades more significantly in acidic conditions than in alkaline conditions. It is quite stable to metal ions (such as aluminum, calcium, lead, copper, tin, etc.), and iron ions tend to turn gardenia yellow black.
Main uses of gardenia yellow:
Food industry
The gardenia yellow pigment can inhibit the oxidation of 80% linoleic acid, so it can be used as an antioxidant during food processing. It has good heat resistance, and the pigment residual rate is over 85% under the conditions of 80℃ for 120 minutes. It is stable under visible light (400nm - 700nm) irradiation but unstable under light irradiation in the wavelength range of 250nm - 390nm. Therefore, the gardenia yellow pigment can be used as an antioxidant and colorant in the food industry.
Gardenia yellow pigment has excellent dyeing ability for proteins, starches, etc., and can be widely used in various foods such as pastries, candies, flour, beverages, jellies, biscuits, ice creams, etc.
Silk Fabrics
Research shows the dyeing performance of natural gardenia yellow on silk fabrics. By changing the dyeing conditions, the direct dyeing method and mordant dyeing method are used to dye silk, and the optimized dyeing * process is obtained through orthogonal test analysis. The results show that gardenia yellow can directly dye silk fabrics, and the amount of dye has the * greatest influence on the dyeing result, and the dye has good lifting performance. When using gardenia yellow for mordant dyeing, post - mordant dyeing is suitable. Compared with direct dyeing, the color of the fabric dyed by post - mordant dyeing does not change significantly. Except that the light fastness does not exceed grade 3, the fastness of other items is basically above grade 4. More reduction.
Pharmaceutical Industry
In addition to the pigment components for coloring, gardenia yellow pigment also contains a certain amount of crocetin, which has extremely high medical value such as promoting blood circulation, removing stasis, and lowering blood pressure and is expensive, so it can be applied to the pharmaceutical industry.
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