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Help CenterSteel Coil & Strip & Hot Rolled Steel Coil，SPHC、SPHD、SPHE、Q235B、Q355B、Q355、Q390、Q420、Q460
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1. Basic Product Definition
Hot Rolled Coil (abbreviated as HRC) is also known as hot rolled strip coil. It takes continuous cast slab as raw material, rolls continuously above the steel recrystallization temperature (1000~1250℃), and is coiled after laminar cooling to form flat steel products. As the core upstream base material for industrial manufacturing, it can be used directly or further processed into pickled coil, cold rolled coil, galvanized/color coated coil, welded pipe, cut-to-length steel plate and other products.
Core Distinction Logic
Rolling temperature above recrystallization temperature = hot rolling; rolling at room temperature = cold rolling. Hot rolled products naturally carry iron oxide scale on the surface, while cold rolled products feature bright surfaces without oxide layers.
2. Complete Production Process
Slab Preparation: 150~250mm thick continuous cast slabs with surface defects cleaned
High-temperature Heating: Slabs heated to 1100~1250℃ to significantly improve steel plasticity
High-pressure Water Descaling: Remove primary oxide scale on slabs to avoid indentation defects on finished surfaces
Roughing Mill: Multi-pass reciprocating rolling to reduce thick slabs into 30~50mm intermediate blanks
Finishing Mill: Continuous rolling through 7~8 stands to reach target thickness while maintaining high temperature
Laminar Cooling: Uniform water cooling at a cooling rate of 100~300℃/s to precisely control steel metallographic structure and mechanical properties
Coiling: Coiled onto standard mandrels of 508mm or 760mm inner diameter
On-line Inspection & Marking: Test thickness, flatness and surface defects; mark product grade, dimension and heat number by inkjet printing
Finishing Processing (On-demand): Cut-to-length, slitting, pickling, temper rolling, small coil splitting
Strapping, Packaging & Warehousing: Strapped with steel strips and protected by edge guards for land transportation and sea export
3. Product Dimension Parameters
3.1 General Market Dimension Range
Thickness: Conventional range 1.2~25.4mm; ultra-thin hot rolled products via ESP short-process line can reach 0.6~6.0mmMain spot thicknesses: 2.75, 3.0, 4.0, 5.75, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20mm
Width: 800~2050mm; mainstream widths: 1250, 1500, 1800, 2000mm
Coil Inner Diameter: 508mm (small coil), 760mm (standard large coil)
Single Coil Weight: 5~32 tons, mainstream weight 10~25 tons
Tolerance: Thickness and width tolerances are wider than cold rolled products; products are normally supplied with negative thickness tolerance
3.2 Surface Appearance Features
The original hot rolled coil surface is covered with blue-black iron oxide scale, categorized into three surface conditions:
As-rolled Black Coil: No surface treatment, complete oxide scale, lowest cost, suitable for steel structures and rough processing of welded pipes
Pickled Hot Rolled Coil (HRPO): Oxide scale removed by pickling with matte grey surface, applicable to stamping and coating directly
Temper Rolled Hot Rolled Coil: Light temper rolling after pickling to improve flatness and release partial stress for better formability
4. Product Classification & Main Grades
4.1 Classification by Material & Application
(1) Common Carbon Structural Steel (Largest Consumption)
Chinese GB Standard: Q195, Q235B (futures benchmark grade)
Japanese JIS Standard: SPHC (substrate for cold rolling), SS400
European EN Standard: S235JR
Applications: Factory steel structures, scaffolding, general welded pipes, universal sheet metal, cold rolling base material
(2) High-strength Low-alloy Steel
Chinese GB Standard: Q355B/C/D (former Q345), 510L, SAPH440 (automotive frame), Q370q (bridge steel)
European EN Standard: S355JR
Applications: Construction machinery, truck frames, containers, wind turbine towers, bridges, mining equipment
(3) Hot Rolled Steel for Deep Drawing
SPHD (deep drawing hot rolled steel), SPHE (extra deep drawing hot rolled steel) with high elongation, for stamping of automotive carriage and chassis parts
(4) Special-purpose Hot Rolled Coil
Vessel Steel: Q245R, Q345R for boilers and storage tanks
Line Pipe Steel: X52/X60/X65/X70 for spiral welded pipes of oil & gas transmission
Weathering Steel: SPA-H for outdoor curtain walls, containers and landscape components
Checkered Hot Rolled Coil: Anti-slip patterned plate for staircases and platform walkways
4.2 Classification by Processing Condition
As-rolled Coil: Directly warehoused after rolling without finishing, lowest price
Pickled Coil (HRPO): Oxide scale removed for precision stamping
Temper Rolled Coil: Improved flatness and reduced springback during stamping
Slit Narrow Strip: Large coils slit into narrow strips for steel pipe and hardware stamping
Cut-to-length Plate: Hot rolled coils flattened into fixed-size steel plates
5. Mechanical Properties, Advantages & Disadvantages
5.1 Core Advantages
Excellent plasticity and weldability: Recrystallization hot rolling eliminates work hardening, avoiding cracking during bending, welding and stamping
High load-bearing capacity: Heavy gauge products bear heavy loads, ideal for heavy-duty structures
Lower cost: Fewer production processes than cold rolled steel, 10%~30% lower unit price for the same thickness
Wide dimension coverage: Thickness ranging from 1.2mm to 25mm to match all industrial sectors
Uniform and stable microstructure: High-temperature rolling eliminates shrinkage and segregation of cast slabs for consistent internal metallographic structure
5.2 Product Limitations
Poor surface finish: Natural oxide scale, not applicable for decorative exterior parts without pickling or painting
Low dimensional accuracy: Wider tolerances on thickness and flatness compared with cold rolled steel
Risk of surface defects: Indented oxide scale, pitting and scratches; unsuitable for high-end visible components
Slight residual stress exists in heavy gauge coils after cooling; stress relief via temper rolling is required for high-precision parts
6. Applicable Domestic & International Standards
Domestic Chinese GB Standards
GB/T 3274: Carbon and low-alloy hot rolled strip steel (futures delivery standard)
GB/T 709: Dimensions, shape, weight and tolerances of hot rolled steel plates and strips
GB/T 1591: High-strength low-alloy structural steel
GB/T 713: Steel plates for pressure vessels (vessel coils)
International Standards
Japanese JIS: JIS G3101 (SS400 structural steel), JIS G3131 (SPHC/SPHD)
American ASTM: ASTM A36, A572
European EN: EN 10025 (S235/S355 series)
7. Full Industrial Application Fields
7.1 Steel Construction Industry (Largest Downstream Sector)
Factory beams & columns, steel posts, photovoltaic supports, steel sheet piles, floor decks, tower cranes, bridges, guardrails and main frames of containers
7.2 Automotive Industry (Mainly Commercial Vehicles)
Truck frames, carriage plates, wheel rims, chassis brackets, stamped structural parts for commercial vehicles; SPHC serves as cold rolling substrate for passenger car exterior panels
7.3 Pipe Manufacturing
ERW straight welded pipes, spiral oil & gas transmission pipes, scaffolding pipes, water supply & drainage steel pipes, electrical conduit pipes
7.4 Heavy Machinery Industry
Machine tool bases, mining machinery, agricultural equipment housings, flanges, lifting arms of construction machinery, equipment frames
7.5 Energy Industry
Wind turbine towers, boiler shells, oil & gas storage pressure vessels, pipeline engineering
7.6 Base Material for Deep Processing (Core Industrial Chain Raw Material)
Exclusive upstream raw material for cold rolled coil, hot-dip galvanized coil, aluminum-zinc coated coil, color coated coil, pickled plate, slit strip and cut-to-length plate
7.7 Other Applications
Ship decks & bulkheads, anti-slip patterned walkways, hardware stamping parts, agricultural machinery, traffic sign base plates
8. Comparison between Hot Rolled Coil and Cold Rolled Coil
| Comparison Item | Hot Rolled Coil (HRC) | Cold Rolled Coil (CRC) |
|---|---|---|
| Rolling Temperature | 1000~1250℃ (Above recrystallization temperature) | Room temperature cold rolling |
| Surface Condition | Covered with black oxide scale, rough surface | Bright and clean, free of oxide scale |
| Dimensional Accuracy | Wide tolerances, ordinary flatness | High precision on thickness and flatness |
| Formability | Good plasticity, no cracking during bending | Work hardening, obvious springback |
| Cost | Low | High |
| Application Scenarios | Structures, pipes, heavy gauge parts, rough processing | Home appliances, automotive exterior panels, precision sheet metal |
9. Quality Inspection Items
Mandatory factory inspection: Dimension (thickness, width, inner diameter), tensile test (yield strength, tensile strength, elongation), cold bend test, surface defect flaw detection, flatness, weight weighingAdditional tests for special coils: Low-temperature impact test (bridge & vessel steel), corrosion resistance test (weathering steel), metallographic structure inspection
10. Storage, Transportation & Packaging Instructions
Packaging: Strapped circumferentially with steel strips, fitted with steel edge guards on inner and outer circles; export products wrapped with waterproof anti-rust plastic film
Storage: Store in dry warehouses to avoid accelerated oxidation caused by rain; pickling plus anti-rust oil coating recommended for long-term storage
Transportation: Transported by train, truck or sea container; special lifting tools used for large coils to prevent edge collision and deformation
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