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Help CenterSteel Sheet & Plate & Pressure Vessel Steel Plate，Q245R、Q345R、Q370R、Q420R、Q460R、Q690DR、16MnDR、09MnNiDR、06Ni9DR
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1. Product Overview
Pressure Vessel Steel Plate, abbreviated as Vessel Plate, complies with national standard GB/T 713-2023. It is a special heavy & medium plate exclusively used for manufacturing special pressure-bearing equipment including pressure vessels, boiler drums, storage tanks, heat exchangers and reactors.
The steel is smelted via LF+VD vacuum refining process with strict control over harmful impurities such as sulfur, phosphorus, hydrogen and oxygen. It features stable toughness at room & low temperature, high-temperature stress rupture strength, excellent weldability and lamellar tearing resistance. It can continuously bear pressure, alternating temperature load and medium corrosion, serving as the core safety pressure-bearing raw material for petrochemical, thermal power, coal chemical and LNG industries, and is strictly regulated by special equipment safety codes.
Pressure Bearing Service Principle
Vessel plates bear internal pressure of liquid and gas medium as well as cyclic thermal alternating loads inside equipment. Precise alloy ratio and heat treatment refine grains to form uniform and stable metallographic structure, preventing brittle fracture at low temperature and restraining creep deformation at high temperature. Ultra-low impurity content greatly reduces risks of welding cracks and hydrogen-induced cracking, ensuring no bulging, leakage or tank burst during long-term operation of pressure equipment.
2. Main Steel Grades, Delivery Status & Applicable Working Conditions
2.1 Carbon Pressure Vessel Plate (Normal Temperature Medium & Low Pressure, Mainstream Grade)
Q245R, Q345R (upgraded grades replacing traditional 20R/16MnR, over 80% domestic market share)
Yield Strength: Q245R ≥245MPa, Q345R ≥345MPa
Application: Normal temperature storage tanks, atmospheric boilers, heat exchangers, general reactors, water treatment pressure vessels
Customizable options: Z15/Z25/Z35 lamellar tearing resistance grades, HIC hydrogen sulfide corrosion resistant version
2. High Strength Vessel Plate (Medium & High Pressure, Lightweight Heavy-Wall Equipment)
Q370R, Q420R, Q460R, Q690DR (quenched & tempered high strength)Application: High-pressure buffer tanks, large material storage tanks, heavy-duty chemical pressure equipment; thinner plate thickness under equal pressure to reduce equipment dead weight and manufacturing cost
2.3 Low-Temperature Vessel Plate (Storage Tanks for Subzero Medium)
16MnDR, 09MnNiDR, 06Ni9DR (9Ni Steel)
16MnDR: Qualified for impact test at -40℃, for liquid ammonia & CO₂ storage tanks
06Ni9DR: Special for -196℃ ultra-low temperature, core material for LNG liquefied natural gas storage tanks
2.4 Heat-Resistant Cr-Mo Alloy Vessel Plate (High-Temperature High-Pressure Hydrogenation & Boilers)
15CrMoR, 14Cr1MoR, 12Cr1MoVRApplication: Working conditions of 450–580℃, hydrogenation reactors, power station boiler drums, high-temperature heat exchange equipment, outstanding high-temperature creep resistance & hydrogen corrosion resistance
2.5 Equivalent International Export Grades
ASTM: SA516 Gr60/Gr70, SA387 Gr11/Gr22EN: P265GH, P355GH, 16Mo3JIS: SB410, SB450
Standard Delivery Heat Treatment Status
Hot Rolled (AR), Thermo-Mechanical Controlled Process (TMCP), Normalized (N), Normalized & Tempered (N+T), Quenched & Tempered (Q+T); thick plates, low-temperature grades and export orders are mandatorily delivered under normalized state to refine grains and improve toughness.
3. Applicable Standard System
Mandatory Domestic Chinese Standards
GB/T 713-2023 Steel plates and strips for pressure equipmentGB 150 Pressure Vessels (material specification for equipment design)GB/T 2970 Ultrasonic testing of heavy steel platesGB/T 223 Series standards for chemical composition analysis of steel
International Export Standards
ASME SA516, ASME SA387, EN 10028, JIS G3115, PED EU pressure equipment certification standard
4. Complete Specification Parameters
Thickness Range: 3mm–250mm; thin plate 3–16mm, medium plate 16–60mm, heavy plate 60–250mm, customized extra-heavy plate 80–250mm available
Standard Width: 1500mm, 1800mm, 2000mm, 2200mm, 2500mm, 3000mm, 3500mm, 4000mm; extra-wide custom sizes supported
Standard Fixed Length: 6000mm, 8000mm, 10000mm, 12000mm; free cutting & CNC irregular cutting available on demand
Plate Surface Processing Types
Mill Edge Plate: Standard hot rolled delivery, cost-effective
Sheared Edge Plate: Four sides precision cut with accurate dimensions for cylinder precision machining
Shot Blasted Pre-treated Plate: Descaled surface for direct anti-rust painting
Z-Direction Performance Grades: Z15, Z25, Z35, for thick plate welding and high lamellar tearing risk conditions
Dimensional Tolerance Control
Thickness tolerance ±0.3~±0.8mm; width tolerance 0~+10mm; length tolerance 0~+50mm; straightness ≤3mm per meter, free of warpage and camber.
5. Complete Production Process
Hot metal pretreatment → Converter / EAF smelting → LF refining + VD vacuum degassing → Continuous casting wide slab → Slab inspection & cleaning → High-temperature heating in walking beam furnace → 4-high mill hot rolling / TMCP controlled rolling → Laminar cooling → Heat treatment (Normalizing / Quench & Temper) → Straightener leveling → 100% plate-by-plate ultrasonic testing → Shot blasting surface cleaning → Full dimensional & appearance re-inspection → Marking & coding → Stacking, strapping & warehousing
6. Mandatory Full-Range Inspection Standards (100% UT per plate, batch sampling for physical & chemical tests)
6.1 Physical & Mechanical Performance Tests
Tensile test: Yield strength, tensile strength, elongation after fracture to meet allowable stress design of pressure equipment
Charpy V-notch impact test: Impact test at room temperature / 0℃ / -20℃ / -40℃ to prevent low-temperature brittle fracture
180° cold bend test: No cracks or lamination to guarantee rolling & bending forming performance of cylinder shells
Z-direction tensile test (Z15/Z25/Z35): Evaluate lamellar tearing resistance
Hardness test: Brinell HB, matching welding and heat treatment processes
Full spectrum chemical analysis: Strict control over C, Si, Mn, S, P and harmful residual elements; low sulfur & phosphorus for excellent weldability
Special additional tests on request: HIC hydrogen induced cracking test, SSCC sulfide stress corrosion test (for sulfur-containing oil & gas equipment)
6.2 100% Mandatory Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing (UT) for Special Equipment
Class Ⅰ / Ⅱ ultrasonic inspection executed per GB/T2970 to fully detect internal lamination, shrinkage cavities, white spots and internal cracks. Ordinary structural plates have no mandatory UT requirement, while vessel plates must be inspected piece by piece.
6.3 Appearance & Dimensional Inspection
Smooth surface free of cracks, scabs, folds, pits and lamination, severe oxide scale prohibited; thickness after defect grinding shall not be lower than minimum tolerance limit; thickness, width, length and straightness measured and recorded per plate.
7. Core Product Advantages
Ultra-high steel purity with high pressure safety factorVacuum refining for desulfurization and deoxidation, hydrogen content ≤2ppm, extremely low impurities, no internal defect expansion under long-term pressure, fully compliant with special equipment safety codes.
Wide service temperature range covering all working conditionsMultiple grades including carbon steel, low-temperature steel, heat-resistant steel and high-strength steel, applicable from -196℃ ultra-low temperature LNG tanks to 580℃ high-temperature hydrogenation equipment.
Excellent weldability to reduce manufacturing costLow carbon equivalent design minimizes risks of welding cold cracks and blowholes, compatible with submerged arc welding, TIG welding and manual arc welding for stable cylinder welding forming.
Outstanding low-temperature toughness to eliminate brittle explosion riskLow-temperature dedicated grades pass impact test at -40℃ / -196℃, avoiding sudden brittle failure of storage tanks in frigid regions and low-medium temperature medium service.
Customizable lamellar tearing & hydrogen sulfide corrosion resistanceZ-direction performance and HIC sulfur-resistant versions available for thick-wall large storage tanks and acidic oil & gas exploitation equipment.
Full specification coverage & flexible machiningThickness range 3–250mm, extra-wide plates support direct CNC cutting, cylinder rolling and bevel machining to reduce splicing welds and improve overall equipment tightness.
8. Main Application Fields
Petrochemical Industry (Core Application)Crude oil storage tanks, finished oil tanks, hydrogenation reactors, cracking equipment, sulfur-containing oil & gas buffer tanks, LNG low-temperature storage tanks, liquid ammonia / liquid oxygen storage tanks
Thermal Power IndustryPower station boiler drums, economizer headers, high & low pressure heat exchangers, waste heat recovery pressure vessels
Coal Chemical & Fertilizer IndustryHigh-pressure synthesis ammonia reactors, coal gasification equipment, high-pressure heat exchange tanks for fertilizer plants, gas storage equipment
Energy Storage IndustryLarge energy storage pressure vessels, hydrogen storage tanks, CO₂ sequestration storage tanks
General Equipment ManufacturingSubstrate for stainless steel clad plates, water treatment pressure vessels, air storage tanks, stirring reactors
Shipbuilding & Metallurgical IndustryMarine pressure vessels, metallurgical waste heat boilers, metallurgical high-temperature heat exchange cylinders
9. Packaging, Loading Port & Lead Time
Standard Export Seaworthy PackagingWood spacers laid between plates to prevent collision damage, wood pallets for load bearing; reinforced steel strapping, corner guards installed on edges; export plates wrapped with waterproof plastic film, full stacks covered with blue waterproof woven cloth for moisture & rust prevention during sea transportation.
Loading Port: Tianjin Port, shipment available via Qingdao Port and Shanghai Port.
Lead Time
Regular hot rolled stock Q245R/Q345R: 5–7 days
Normalized low-temperature 16MnDR, high strength Q370R/Q420R: 10–16 days
Heat-resistant 15CrMoR, 9Ni ultra-low temperature steel, custom extra-heavy plate 200–250mm: 18–28 days
MOQ & SamplesMinimum order quantity 5 tons; 300×300mm test plates provided free for tensile, impact and ultrasonic testing.
10. Supporting Quality Assurance Documents
Complete set of original Chinese & English special equipment factory certificates:
Slab melting chemical composition analysis report
Mechanical property test report (tensile, low-temperature impact, bend)
100% ultrasonic UT inspection report
Z-direction performance & HIC sulfur resistance special test report (on request)
Dimensional tolerance & appearance inspection record sheet
GB / ASME / EN factory certificate, special equipment material certificate, packing list, certificate of origin
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