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Help CenterFlat Steel & Thickened Flat Steel，Q235B、Q355B、45#、40Cr、42CrMo
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1. Product Definition
Flat steel is a long steel product with a rectangular cross-section with rounded edges, belonging to the section steel category. Its width ranges from 12–300 mm and thickness from 3–60 mm, with a width-to-thickness ratio generally greater than 3.
2. Product Classification
By Processing Technology
Hot Rolled Flat Steel: Features black surface finish, relatively large dimensional tolerance and low cost; the preferred choice for general structural applications.
Cold Drawn Flat Steel: Boasts smooth surface, high dimensional accuracy and enhanced strength; widely used for precision mechanical parts.
Galvanized Flat Steel: Manufactured via hot-dip galvanizing on hot rolled base steel with excellent corrosion resistance; suitable for grounding, outdoor and municipal engineering projects.
By Material Grade
Carbon Steel: Q235B, Q355B (high cost performance, mainstream material for structural engineering).
High-quality Carbon Steel: 45# steel (excellent hardness and toughness, applied for tools and mechanical parts).
Alloy Steel: 40Cr, 42CrMo (high strength, ideal for heavy-load and wear-resistant components).
By Application
General structural flat steel, spring flat steel, tool flat steel, grounding flat steel, etc.
3. Specifications & Dimensions
Representation Method: Width × Thickness × Length (mm), e.g. 50×5×6000.
Dimension Range
Width: 10–300 mm
Thickness: 3–60 mm
Length: Standard lengths 6m, 9m, 12m; customized cutting available.
Common Specifications (Width × Thickness, mm)
20×3, 25×4, 30×5, 40×5, 50×6, 60×8, 80×10, 100×12, 120×14, 150×15
Theoretical Weight (kg/m) ≈ Width(mm) × Thickness(mm) × 0.00785
4. Executive Standards
Hot Rolled Flat Steel: GB/T 704-2008
Cold Drawn Flat Steel: YB/T 037-1993
Carbon Structural Steel: GB/T 700-2006 (Q235)
High-strength Low-alloy Structural Steel: GB/T 1591-2018 (Q355)
Hot-dip Galvanizing: GB/T 13912-2020
5. Mechanical Properties (Typical Values)
Q235B: Yield Strength ≥235 MPa; Tensile Strength: 375–500 MPa; Elongation ≥26%
Q355B: Yield Strength ≥355 MPa; Tensile Strength: 470–630 MPa; Elongation ≥21%
6. Production Process
Hot Rolling: Steel billet heating to 1200–1250℃ → multi-pass rolling → cooling → fixed-length shearing → inspection and packaging
Cold Drawing: Hot rolled base material → acid pickling and descaling → cold drawing forming → finishing → cutting → inspection
Galvanizing: Hot rolled flat steel → acid pickling → hot-dip galvanizing (around 450℃) → passivation → inspection
7. Product Features
Flexible Specifications: Customizable width, thickness and length to reduce secondary processing and cutting.
Optimized Cross-section: Vertical side edges and clear edges, facilitating welding and on-site installation.
High Dimensional Accuracy: Adopts continuous rolling and automatic control system, with better tolerance and flatness than ordinary steel plates.
High Material Utilization: Manufactured with negative tolerance rolling and delivered by actual weight, improving material utilization rate by 1%–5% compared with ordinary steel plates.
Diversified Surface Treatments: Available with black finish, polished finish, hot-dip galvanized and other surfaces to adapt to various service environments.
8. Main Applications
Construction Engineering: Roof trusses, stairs, railings, supports, steel structure beams and columns, curtain wall keels.
Mechanical Manufacturing: Tools, molds, gears, shaft parts, machine frames, bases, guide rails.
Electric Power & Municipal Engineering: Grounding electrodes, grounding busbars, cable trays, street lamp foundations, guardrails.
Shipbuilding & Vehicle Industry: Ship cabin components, vehicle frames, carriage plates, bumpers, foot pedals.
Hardware & Decoration: Furniture, doors and windows, shelves, decorative strips, handrails.
9. Surface Quality & Defect Standards
Allowable Defects: Slight oxide scale, shallow pitting and minor scratches that do not affect structural performance and service life.
Prohibited Defects: Cracks, folds, scabs, delamination, severe corrosion and distortion deformation.
10. Packaging, Marking & Transportation
Packaging: Bundled packing (2–5 tons per bundle) with end labels attached.
Marking: Marked with specifications, material grade, batch number, executive standards and manufacturer information.
Transportation & Storage: Store flat in ventilated and dry environment, moisture-proof and rust-proof; avoid heavy pressure and violent collision.
11. Selection Guidelines
General Structural Projects: Select Q235B hot rolled flat steel for low cost and excellent weldability.
Precision & Appearance Parts: Select cold drawn flat steel for high dimensional accuracy and smooth surface.
Outdoor & Corrosive Environments: Select hot-dip galvanized flat steel.
Heavy-load & High-strength Scenarios: Select Q355B or 40Cr alloy steel flat steel.
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