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Help CenterSteel Billet & Mild Steel Billet，Q195、Q215、Q235、Q355、Q390、Q420、Q460、10#、20#、35#、45#
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1. Product Overview
Steel billet is a semi-finished product formed by continuous casting of molten steel, serving as the core upstream raw material for hot rolling and forging processes. It cannot be directly used in construction or machinery, and must be further processed via hot rolling, piercing or forging into finished steel products such as rebar, round bars, wire rods, steel plates, seamless tubes and forgings. Continuous cast billet is the mainstream production technology at present, while traditional ingot casting billet has been phased out.
The product features dense internal structure, uniform chemical composition and strict inclusion control. It covers five main categories: small square billet, large bloom, rectangular slab, round billet and shaped beam blank, fully matching downstream rolling production for construction, machinery, pipeline, steel structure and new energy industries. It complies with Chinese National Standard GB/T 20112, and meets international trade standards including ASTM, EN, JIS and GOST.
2. Product Classification by Cross Section
2.1 Square Billet
Equal width and thickness cross-section, the most widely used basic billet.
Standard Sizes: 120×120mm, 130×130mm, 150×150mm, 165×165mm
Standard Length: 6m / 9m / 12m, customized cut-to-size available
Applications: Hot rolled deformed rebar, high-speed wire rod, angle steel, channel steel, small round bars, raw material for steel strands
2.2 Rectangular Bloom
Oversized cross-section with obvious difference between width and thickness, serving as intermediate blank for heavy sections.
Standard Sizes: 150×330mm, 150×380mm, 165×410mm, 165×505mm
Applications: Medium & heavy steel plate, H-beam, wide flange section, rough blank for heavy forgings, large diameter round bars
2.3 Slab
Flat large cross-section with high width-to-thickness ratio, exclusively for plate rolling.
Thickness Range: 150–240mm; Width Range: 880–1530mm; Length: 3.7–10m
Applications: Hot rolled coil, flat plate, heavy plate, container plate, automotive structural plate, ship plate
2.4 Round Billet
Solid circular cross-section, also called tube blank for seamless pipe production.
Diameter Range: Φ80mm–Φ600mm
Applications: Seamless steel pipe, petroleum pipeline, hydraulic cylinder tube, transmission shaft, gear forgings
2.5 Beam Blank
Special H-shaped cross-section, directly rolled into H-beam and I-beam to skip primary blooming process.
3. Steel Grade Classification & Applications
3.1 General Carbon Steel Billet (Construction Grade)
Grades: Q195, Q235B, Q275, SS400, 3SP, 5SP (popular for Central Asia & African markets) Features: Low carbon, easy rolling, excellent weldability, cost-effective Uses: Common wire rod, construction rebar, light structural sections
3.2 Low Alloy High Strength Steel Billet
Grades: Q345B, Q390, Q420, S355JR Features: High yield strength, good impact resistance, superior low-temperature toughness Uses: Construction machinery, bridge H-beam, heavy load structural parts, container plate
3.3 High-Quality Carbon Structural Steel Billet
Grades: 10#, 20#, 35#, 45#, 82B high carbon hard wire billet Features: Precise carbon content, low impurities, stable heat treatment performance Uses: Machining round bars, cold heading bolts, prestressing steel wire, wire rope raw material
3.4 Alloy Structural Steel Billet
Grades: 40Cr, 42CrMo, 35CrMo, 20CrMnTi, API pipeline billet Features: Alloyed with Cr, Mo, Mn; superior hardenability, wear and fatigue resistance Uses: Automotive half shafts, gears, high-pressure seamless pipes, heavy mining equipment forgings
4. Dimensional, Surface & Internal Quality Standards
4.1 Dimensional Tolerance
Square billet: Section size ±1.0~±3.0mm, diagonal tolerance ≤6mm
Slab: Thickness ±3mm, width ±20mm, length tolerance ±200mm
Single piece weight: 0.8–4 tons, bundled loading or bulk shipment acceptable
4.2 Surface Quality
As-hot-rolled black oxide finish; free of cracks, scabs, folds, delamination and subcutaneous blowholes. Flame scarfing & surface grinding service is available upon request to eliminate surface defects and prevent cracking during rolling.
4.3 Internal Metallurgical Quality
Secondary refining for desulfurization and dephosphorization, strict control of harmful S & P elements;
Uniform slow cooling during continuous casting, free of internal shrinkage cavity, porosity and slag inclusion, high ultrasonic testing passing rate;
Stable and uniform chemical composition within each batch, guaranteeing consistent performance of downstream finished steel.
4.4 Supporting Inspection Documents
Original Mill Test Certificate (MTC), chemical composition analysis report, mechanical property data; third-party SGS inspection reports can be provided for customs clearance and customer re-inspection.
5. Applicable Standards
Chinese National Standards: GB/T 20112 Continuous Cast Square & Rectangular Steel Billets, Q/BQB 151 Continuous Cast Round Billets, GB/T 222 Permissible Deviation of Steel Chemical Composition
International Standards: ASTM A615, EN 10025, JIS G3101, GOST 380 (3SP / 5SP)
6. Downstream Application Fields
Construction Industry: HRB400 / HRB500 deformed rebar, wire rod, foundation bolt raw material;
Plate Manufacturing: Hot rolled coil, flat plate, heavy plate, ship plate, pressure vessel plate;
Pipe Industry: All types of seamless steel pipes, oil & gas transmission pipelines, hydraulic tubes;
Machinery Manufacturing: 45# / 40Cr round bars, gears, transmission shafts, standard part forgings;
Steel Structure Engineering: H-beam, I-beam, channel steel, large bridge load-bearing components;
Metal Products: Steel strand, wire rope, cold drawn wire, prestressing steel wire.
7. Packaging, Delivery & Foreign Trade Terms
7.1 Packaging Methods
Domestic Delivery: Bundled with steel strips, 1–5 tons per bundle; both ends marked with specification and grade paint;
Export Sea Shipment: Anti-rust oil coated, wrapped with waterproof plastic film and fixed on wooden pallets to avoid moisture oxidation and mechanical damage during long-distance sea transit, compatible with 40GP / 40HC containers.
7.2 Delivery Lead Time
Conventional in-stock carbon & low alloy billets: 5–7 working days; special alloy, large diameter round billets & customized scarfed billets: 7–15 working days.
7.3 MOQ & Payment Terms
Minimum order quantity: 5 tons; 30% TT advance payment, balance remitted against copy of Bill of Lading; Letter of Credit (LC) is not accepted.
7.4 Quality Warranty
Batch inspection on chemical composition, dimension and surface before delivery; 6-month quality warranty, free return & replacement for unqualified metallurgical composition or internal defects under non-human damage conditions.
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