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Help CenterSteel Pipe & High Pressure Boiler Tube，20G、12Cr1MoVG、12Cr2MoG、12Cr2MoWVTiB、P91、P92
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1. Product Overview
High pressure boiler tube is a special type of seamless heat-resistant steel pipe, specifically developed for high-pressure, ultra-high-pressure and ultra-supercritical boilers. It operates long-term under severe working conditions of high temperature (450℃~650℃) and high pressure (above 9.8MPa), with continuous exposure to high-temperature flue gas and saturated/superheated steam. It serves as a core pressure-bearing safety component for power station boilers and industrial high-pressure boilers.
Different from ordinary fluid steel pipes, boiler tubes are required to feature high long-term creep strength, high-temperature oxidation resistance, long-term structural stability, as well as excellent resistance to steam corrosion and coal ash sulfide corrosion. These properties effectively avoid plastic attenuation, thermal brittleness, creep deformation and tube burst risks during long-term high-temperature service.
Core Applicable Working Conditions
Pressure Grade: High pressure ≥9.8MPa, subcritical pressure 17~20MPa, supercritical pressure 25~28MPa, ultra-supercritical pressure ≥30MPa
Working Temperature: 450℃~650℃
Medium: High-temperature and high-pressure water, superheated steam, flue gas
2. Executive Standards
2.1 Domestic Main Standards
GB/T 5310-2023 Seamless Steel Tubes for High Pressure Boilers (replacing the 2017 version, the highest industrial standard)
GB/T 3087 Seamless Steel Tubes for Low and Medium Pressure Boilers (only for low-pressure auxiliary parts)
GB/T 8163 Seamless Steel Tubes for Fluid Service
2.2 International Export Standards
American Standards: ASME SA-213 (superheater/reheater small tubes), ASME SA-335 (main steam thick-wall pipelines), ASTM A192
European Standard: EN 10216-2
German Standard: DIN 17175
3. Main Material Grades and Applicable Working Conditions
3.1 Carbon Steel Series: 20G
Made of high-quality carbon steel with strictly controlled impurities (S≤0.015%, P≤0.025%). It is applicable to high-pressure boiler economizers, water walls and low-temperature superheaters under working conditions of ≤480℃ and ≤10MPa. It features good toughness, excellent weldability and moderate cost.
3.2 Chromium-Molybdenum Low Alloy Series
3.2.1 15CrMoG
Chromium-molybdenum heat-resistant alloy steel with stable performance at 500~540℃. It is suitable for conventional high-pressure boiler superheaters, headers and steam lead pipes in 10~14MPa systems.
3.2.2 12Cr1MoVG (Core Alloy Tube for GB/T 5310)
Vanadium-alloyed steel with enhanced creep strength. It is applicable to 540~570℃ working conditions and is the standard material for subcritical units, widely used for high-temperature superheaters, reheaters and main steam pipelines, occupying the largest market share in domestic power plants.
3.2.3 12Cr2MoG, 12Cr2MoWVTiB (Steel 102)
Special materials for 600℃ supercritical unit boilers.
3.3 High-End Heat-Resistant Alloys
P91, P92, 304H, 347H austenitic stainless steels are applied to ultra-supercritical boilers above 600℃ and flue gas environments with sulfur-containing corrosion, possessing outstanding high-temperature oxidation resistance and stress corrosion resistance.
4. Specification Parameters
4.1 Classification by Production Process & Specifications
4.1.1 Hot Rolled Tubes
Outer diameter: 32mm~720mm; Wall thickness: 5mm~75mm. The preferred choice for mass-produced thick-wall main pipelines with high production efficiency.
4.1.2 Cold Drawn/Cold Rolled Precision Tubes
Outer diameter: 6mm~219mm; Wall thickness: 1mm~20mm. Featuring high dimensional accuracy and smooth inner and outer walls, specially used for superheater thin tubes.
4.1.3 Hot Expanded Tubes
Customized non-standard large-diameter thick-wall tubes, with maximum customizable outer diameter up to 830mm.
4.2 Standard Length
Standard fixed lengths: 6000mm, 12000mm; Custom lengths: 3000~12000mm (arbitrary fixed length, multiple length and short length available on request).
4.3 Dimensional Tolerance
Strictly compliant with GB/T 5310 standards: outer diameter tolerance ±0.5%, wall thickness tolerance -5%~+12.5%. Tolerances for thick-wall pressure-bearing tubes are further tightened.
5. Complete Production Process
Electric furnace/converter smelting → LF+VD secondary refining (low hydrogen & low oxygen pure steel) → Round billet continuous casting → Round billet heating → Piercing rolling → Hot rolling/cold drawing forming → Precision heat treatment (normalizing/tempering, core temperature control process) → Straightening → End cutting and deburring → Visual surface inspection → Hydrostatic test → Full-scale non-destructive testing (UT ultrasonic + ET eddy current testing) → Sampling re-inspection for mechanical and metallurgical properties → Marking, sealing protection, packaging and warehousing
Key Heat Treatment Regulations
20G: Normalized at 880~940℃ and air-cooled to refine grains and improve toughness
15CrMoG/12Cr1MoVG: Normalizing + high-temperature tempering to eliminate rolling stress and stabilize high-temperature metallurgical structure
6. Core Technical Performance Requirements
6.1 Mechanical Properties (Updated Indicators of GB/T 5310-2023)
Taking 20G as an example: tensile strength ≥430MPa, yield strength ≥265MPa, room-temperature impact toughness ≥35J. Alloy tubes meet the 100,000-hour creep index for high-temperature long-term strength, ensuring no deformation or cracking during long-term high-temperature operation.
6.2 100% Full Factory Non-Destructive Testing
Hydrostatic Test: Pressure holding and stabilizing at 1.5 times the design pressure without leakage or bulging
Ultrasonic Testing (UT): Detects inner wall cracks, delaminations and inclusions with sensitivity for Φ1.6mm defects
Eddy Current Testing (ET): Full coverage detection of micro surface cracks on thin-walled small tubes
Large-diameter thick-wall tubes adopt composite electromagnetic testing additionally
6.3 Chemical Purity Control
Strict control of harmful impurities: S≤0.015%, P≤0.025%, As≤0.010%, Sn≤0.015%; Hydrogen content [H]≤2ppm, oxygen content [O]≤20ppm, to inhibit high-temperature long-term embrittlement failure.
6.4 Surface Quality
No cracks, folds, scabs or rust on inner and outer walls; burrs are completely removed. Thin-walled tubes have smooth inner walls to reduce steam erosion and wear.
7. Main Application Fields
7.1 Thermal Power Station Boilers (Largest Application Scenario)
Water wall tubes, economizer tubes, high-temperature superheaters, reheaters, headers, main steam lead pipelines
7.2 Industrial High-Pressure Boilers
Pressure-bearing heating surfaces of high-pressure steam boilers in metallurgy, chemical, printing and papermaking industries
7.3 Petrochemical Industry
High-temperature and high-pressure cracking furnaces, heat exchange pipelines of waste heat recovery boilers for hydrogenation units
7.4 Other Fields
Nuclear power auxiliary boilers, high-temperature waste heat boilers for waste incineration
8. Product Packaging, Marking and Delivery
8.1 Marking
Each steel tube is sprayed with steel grade, executive standard, furnace batch number, specification, production date and manufacturer stamp; original material quality certificate (including flaw detection, hydrostatic test, mechanical and metallurgical reports) is attached.
8.2 Packaging
Small tubes are bundled with steel strips with plastic dust-proof seals at both ends; large-diameter tubes are protected with straw ropes/plastic films and coated with anti-rust oil for marine transportation, suitable for 40HC container shipping.
8.3 Delivery Cycle
Conventional spot goods: 5-7 days; Custom special wall thickness/alloy materials: 10-15 days, shipped from Tianjin Port.
9. Core Product Advantages
Raw materials adopt LF+VD double-refined steel billets with high purity, increasing high-temperature service life by more than 15%.
Equipped with complete heat treatment production lines to ensure uniform metallurgical structure and stable thermal fatigue and creep resistance.
100% hydrostatic test + dual non-destructive full inspection ensures zero defective delivery and eliminates boiler tube burst safety hazards.
Supports customized specifications in line with national, American and European standards, with complete export inspection documents.
Provides third-party SGS, BV material testing certifications to adapt to global foreign trade orders.
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