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Help CenterSteel Wire Rope & Steel Strand， ASTM A416/A416M、BS5896、EN 10138、ISO6934
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1. Product Overview
Prestressed steel strand (PC strand for short) is made of SWRH82B high-carbon steel wire rod. It is produced via cold drawing, stranding to specified length and stabilizing stress relief treatment. Composed of multiple high-strength steel wires twisted spirally, it boasts outstanding advantages including high tensile strength, low relaxation, large elastic modulus, strong bonding force with concrete and good flexibility. It is the core load-bearing material for prestressed concrete engineering.
2. Product Classification
(1) Classified by Internal Steel Wire Structure (1×7 as mainstream)
1×2 Structure: Twisted by 2 steel wires, specifications 5.0/5.8/8.0/10.0mm, applied to small precast components and miniature anchor cables.
1×3 Structure: Twisted by 3 steel wires, specifications 6.2/8.74/10.8mm, used for railway sleepers and small box girders.
Standard 1×7 Structure (Most widely adopted in market): One central steel wire surrounded by six outer twisted wires, covering all scenarios including bridges, building construction and geotechnical anchoring.
1×19 Structure: Multi-layer twisted large-diameter strand (21.6/28.6mm), for long-span bridge cables, nuclear power projects and large storage tanks.
(2) Classified by Surface Finish
Plain Steel Strand: Basic type with black uncoated surface, suitable for all conventional prestressed projects.
Indented Steel Strand (Type I): Grooves pressed on steel wire surface to greatly improve concrete bonding force, specially for pretension precast slabs and hollow core slabs.
Spiral Ribbed Steel Strand: Continuous spiral ribs on wires with superior bonding performance than indented type, ideal for high pull-out resistance anchoring works.
Galvanized / Zinc-Aluminum Alloy Coated Steel Strand: Entirely hot-dipped with anti-corrosion coating, for outdoor projects, cross-sea bridges, external prestressing and anchor cables in corrosive geological conditions.
Epoxy-Coated Steel Strand: Wrapped with epoxy resin on steel wires, used in heavily corrosive environments such as chemical plants, coastal salt fog areas and subsea tunnels.
Unbonded Steel Strand: Filled with anti-corrosion lubricating grease inside and covered with high-density PE outer sheath, adopted for post-tension unbonded systems of cast-in-place floor slabs, basement roofs and continuous beams.
(3) Classified by Relaxation Grade
Low Relaxation Steel Strand (LR, mainstream supply): Stress relaxation ≤2.5%, minimum prestress loss under long-term loads, the preferred material for projects as required by national standards.
Normal Relaxation Steel Strand (NR): Stress relaxation ≤8%, only used for low-end temporary support, not recommended for general engineering.
(4) Tensile Strength Grades
Main strength grades: 1770MPa, 1860MPa (globally universal), 1960MPa; customized ultra-high strength up to 2000MPa is available.
3. Core Technical Parameters (Standard 1×7 Low Relaxation 1860MPa Strand)
| Nominal Diameter (mm) | Single Wire Diameter (mm) | Nominal Cross-sectional Area (mm²) | Theoretical Weight (kg/m) | Minimum Breaking Load (kN) | 0.2% Yield Load (kN) | Elongation ≥ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9.53 | 3.17 | 54.8 | 0.432 | 102 | 86.7 | 3.5% |
| 11.1 | 3.70 | 74.2 | 0.580 | 138 | 117 | 3.5% |
| 12.7 | 4.23 | 98.7 | 0.775 | 184 | 156 | 3.5% |
| 15.20 | 5.04 | 140 | 1.101 | 260.4 | 221 | 3.5% |
| 15.70 | 5.19 | 150 | 1.178 | 279 | 237 | 3.5% |
| 17.80 | 5.88 | 191 | 1.500 | 355 | 302 | 3.5% |
Note: Weight tolerance ±2%; total elongation after fracture ≥3.5% (gauge length 500mm), complying with national standards and European & American export specifications.
4. Production Process Flow
High-carbon steel wire rod → Pickling & Phosphating & Wire Drawing → Precision Straightening of Single Wires → Seven-wire Spiral Stranding → Continuous Stabilization Heat Treatment (to eliminate internal stress and achieve low relaxation) → Online Surface Inspection → Coiling & Winding → Strapping & Labeling → Finished Product Storage
Additional processes for galvanized / epoxy coated / unbonded strands: Hot-dip galvanizing / Electrostatic epoxy spraying / Grease filling & PE sheath extrusion.
5. Core Product Performance Characteristics
Ultra-high tensile strength & low relaxation: 1860MPa high tensile grade with minor long-term prestress loss, greatly reducing steel reinforcement dosage and construction cost.
Excellent bonding performance: Multiple surface types including plain, indented and spiral ribbed available for firm occlusion with concrete and stable anti-slip & pull-out resistance.
Good flexibility: Spiral twisted structure allows bending and threading, suitable for complex girders, curved bridges and prestress layout in basements.
Stable dimensional accuracy: Uniform stranding pitch with strictly controlled deviation of diameter and cross-sectional area to ensure precise tensioning data during construction.
Complete anti-corrosion system: Multiple anti-corrosion solutions including plain, galvanized, epoxy coated and unbonded types, adaptable to inland, coastal, chemical and underground corrosive stratum environments.
Strong processability: Custom cutting, extrusion anchoring and bundled forming are supported; one-stop supply of matching anchorages and corrugated pipes.
6. Main Application Fields
6.1 Transportation Infrastructure (Largest Consumption Scenario)
Highway & railway long-span box girders, T-beams, hollow slabs, continuous beams, cable-stayed bridges, suspension bridge tie rods, external tendons for cross-sea bridges, tunnel lining, slope protection anchor cables and anti-slide piles for roadbeds.
6.2 Building Construction & Municipal Engineering
Unbonded cast-in-place floor slabs of high-rise buildings, large-span stadiums, exhibition centers, underground parking lots, comprehensive pipe galleries, sewage treatment tanks and large storage tanks.
6.3 Geotechnical & Mine Anchoring
Mountain slope protection anchor cables, foundation pit support, mine roadway roof support, hydraulic dam anchoring and anti-floating anchor bolts.
6.4 Special Engineering
Nuclear power shielding plants, LNG cryogenic storage tanks, wind power foundations, lifting hoisting works, port wharf trestles and corrosion-resistant prestress systems for cross-sea tunnels.
7. Packaging, Marking & Transportation
Packaging Specification: Standard coil weight 2.5~3.2 tons per coil; inner coil diameter 800mm, outer diameter 1400mm; fastened with steel strips and wrapped with waterproof woven cloth for moisture proof.
Label Marking: Two metal nameplates attached to each coil, marked with specification, strength grade, relaxation grade, heat batch number, production date, execution standard, net weight and manufacturer information.
Loading & Transportation: Deliverable by truck or sea container. Soft slings shall be adopted for hoisting; direct contact of steel wire ropes with strand surface is forbidden to avoid damage. Finished products shall be stored in dry and rain-proof yards; scratches on anti-corrosion layers of galvanized and epoxy coated strands shall be prevented.
Delivery Documents: Original material test certificate (including mechanical tensile, relaxation and dimensional inspection reports) and factory certificate delivered together with goods. CE and ISO certification documents can be provided for export orders.
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