Material
Other, Global universal model
Condition
Other, Global universal model
Task
Other, Global universal model
Mathematical Model
Other, Global universal model
Signal
Other, Global universal model
Customized
Non-Customized
Structure
Other, Global universal model
NI PXIE-4145
The NI PXIE-4145 is a PXI Express (PXIE) modular instrument introduced by National Instruments (NI), belonging to the Source Measure Unit (SMU) series. It focuses on high-precision current/voltage source output and measurement, suitable for scenarios requiring precise electrical parameter characterization, such as semiconductor device testing, material property analysis, and sensor calibration.
I. Core Functions and Application ScenariosKey Functions
High-Precision Source-Measure Integration: Integrates voltage source (VS), current source (IS), voltage measurement (VM), and current measurement (IM) functions, supporting four-quadrant operation to simulate power supply or load characteristics.
Wide-Range Parameter Coverage: Supports current output/measurement from picoamperes (pA) to amperes (A) and voltage output/measurement from millivolts (mV) to volts (V), adapting to testing needs of different devices.
Dynamic Testing Capability: Supports pulse mode (minimum pulse width down to microseconds) and sweep mode (voltage/current ramp changes) for transient characteristic analysis (e.g., LED switching characteristics, MOSFET on-resistance).
Real-Time Monitoring and Protection: Built-in overvoltage and overcurrent protection mechanisms, supporting dynamic resistance measurement (DRM) and I-V curve scanning to obtain complete characteristic curves while avoiding device damage.
Typical Application Scenarios
Semiconductor Device Testing: Threshold voltage, leakage current, breakdown voltage, and other parameter tests for diodes, transistors (BJT/MOSFET), and integrated circuits (ICs).
Electrical Property Analysis of Materials: Current-voltage characteristic characterization of nanomaterials (e.g., graphene), sensors (piezoresistive, capacitive), and photovoltaic devices (solar cells).
Battery and Energy Storage Testing: Charge-discharge curve measurement of lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitor capacity evaluation, and fuel cell polarization curve testing.
Scientific Research and Educational Experiments: Electronics course experiments, electrical property verification in new material R&D, and sensor calibration.

II. Technical Parameters
| Parameter Category | Specific Indicators |
|---|
| Voltage Source/Measurement | - Output range: ±10 V (max), resolution 1 μV; Measurement range: ±10 V, accuracy ±0.01% of reading + 10 μV |
| Current Source/Measurement | - Output range: ±1 A (max), resolution 1 pA; Measurement range: 1 pA~1 A, accuracy ±0.01% of reading + 1 fA |
| Source Accuracy | - Voltage source: ±0.01% of setpoint + 10 μV; Current source: ±0.01% of setpoint + 10 pA |
| Measurement Speed | - Maximum sampling rate: 1 MS/s (single channel), supporting high-speed transient signal capture (e.g., switching power supply inrush current) |
| Load Characteristics | - Adjustable output impedance (simulating different load scenarios), supporting dynamic resistance measurement (DRM) mode |
| Triggering and Synchronization | - Supports PXIE trigger bus, external triggering (SMA interface), and multi-module clock synchronization (e.g., collaboration with oscilloscopes and DAQ modules) |
III. Hardware Interfaces and System CompatibilityInterface Types
PXIE Interface: Compatible with PXIE chassis (e.g., NI PXIE-1075), supporting PCIe Gen2 high-speed data transmission (bandwidth up to 500 MB/s) to reduce data latency.
Signal Interface: Connects to devices via dedicated terminal blocks like NI SMU-2475A, supporting 4-wire Kelvin testing (eliminating lead resistance effects) and adapting to coaxial cables or banana plugs.
Trigger and Clock Interface: SMA interface for external trigger input/output, supporting synchronous triggering with other PXIE modules (e.g., NI PXIE-5105 oscilloscope) to build multi-parameter testing systems.
System Compatibility
Operating Systems: Windows 10/11, Linux, LabVIEW Real-Time, etc.
Software Drivers: Compatible with NI-SMU drivers, supporting development environments such as LabVIEW, C/C++, Python, and MATLAB, and integrable into automated testing workflows.

IV. Software Support and Development ToolsDrivers and Programming Environments
NI-SMU Driver: Provides a unified API, supporting source-measure parameter configuration, real-time data acquisition and analysis, and multi-channel synchronous control.
LabVIEW: A graphical programming platform with built-in SMU toolkits (e.g., I-V curve scanning, pulse test templates) to lower the development threshold.
Python/C# Interfaces: Supports code-level control via libraries like PyVISA and NI-DAQmx, suitable for integration into automated testing systems (e.g., semiconductor wafer testing platforms).
Professional Toolkits
NI Semiconductor Test System: An automated testing suite for semiconductor devices, including functions like parameter extraction and yield analysis.
NI-DCPower: DC power supply control software supporting batch configuration of multi-channel SMU modules and generating test reports (e.g., Excel, PDF).
MATLAB/Simulink: Supports data import and advanced algorithm development (e.g., device model fitting, noise analysis).
V. Advantages and Features
High Precision and Wide Dynamic Range: 1 pA current resolution and 1 μV voltage resolution meet testing needs for nanoscale devices (e.g., single-electron transistors), making it more suitable for modular system integration than traditional benchtop SMUs (e.g., Keithley 2400).
High-Speed Synchronization and Automation: 1 MS/s sampling rate combined with the PXIE bus supports multi-channel parallel testing (e.g., array sensor calibration), reducing testing time.
Low-Noise Design: Built-in low-noise power supplies and shielding circuits reduce measurement background noise (current noise as low as 1 fA/√Hz), suitable for weak signal characterization (e.g., sensor leakage current testing).
Flexible Expansion Capability: Can be combined with modules like NI PXIE-4139 (high-power SMU) and PXIE-5451 (arbitrary waveform generator) to build complete solutions from signal excitation to characteristic analysis.

VI. Comparison with Similar Products
| Model | NI PXIE-4145 | NI PXIE-4139 | Keithley 2460 (Benchtop) |
|---|
| Channels | 1 channel (multi-module parallelizable) | 1 channel (high power) | 1 channel |
| Voltage Range | ±10 V | ±200 V | ±200 V |
| Current Range | 1 pA~1 A | 1 nA~3 A | 1 pA~3 A |
| Sampling Rate | 1 MS/s | 100 kS/s | 100 kS/s |
| Typical Applications | Precision device testing, material analysis | High-power devices (e.g., IGBT) | General semiconductor testing |
| Price Position | Mid-to-high end | High end (high-power scenarios) | Mid range (benchtop) |
VII. Summary
As a high-precision SMU module, the NI PXIE-4145 becomes a core tool in semiconductor, materials science, and sensor testing fields, relying on its wide dynamic range, low-noise performance, and modular design. Its deep integration with the LabVIEW software ecosystem significantly simplifies the development process for automated testing systems, especially suitable for complex scenarios requiring multi-parameter synchronous measurement (e.g., voltage-current-temperature collaborative testing). Through collaboration with other PXIE modules (such as data acquisition and oscilloscopes), it can build end-to-end solutions from signal excitation to data analysis, meeting high-precision electrical property characterization needs in scientific research and industrial production.