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Help CenterFlat Steel & Fixed Length Flat Steel，Q195、Q215、Q235
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Flat Steel & Fixed Length Flat Steel，Q195、Q215、Q235NegotiableMOQ: 5 Metric Tons
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1. Product Overview
Flat steel is a long strip of steel with a rectangular (or rounded rectangular) cross-section, belonging to simple section steel. The ratio of thickness to width is usually between 1:3 and 1:10, which is divided into two categories: hot-rolled flat steel and cold-drawn flat steel. It has the advantages of complete specifications, uniform strength, easy processing, reliable connection and economic cost. It is an indispensable basic material in construction, machinery, electric power, chemical industry and other fields. It can be directly used as components, or as processing raw materials, connectors or auxiliary load-bearing parts.
Compared with other section steels, the core advantage of flat steel lies in its flat cross-section and uniform force bearing. It is suitable for various processing methods, can be used alone, and can also be combined with angle steel, channel steel, I-steel and other composite load-bearing structures, which is widely used in various light and heavy engineering scenarios.
2. Product Classification
(1) Classification by Production Process
Hot-rolled Flat Steel: As the mainstream production process, it is formed by high-temperature rolling, with natural oxide scale on the surface, uniform cross-sectional size, balanced strength and toughness, and stable mechanical properties. It is the most widely used type of flat steel currently. It implements the national standard GB/T 704-2018 and is suitable for heavy-duty scenarios such as building structures, machinery manufacturing and bridge supports.
Cold-drawn Flat Steel: Formed by cold drawing process at room temperature, it has high surface precision, small dimensional deviation, smooth surface without oxide scale, slightly higher hardness than hot-rolled flat steel, and high processing precision. It implements the national standard GB/T 3078-2017 and is mostly used in precision machinery, instruments and meters, decorative hardware, small components and other scenarios with high requirements for dimensional accuracy.
(2) Classification by Material Grade
Carbon Structural Steel Flat Steel: The most commonly used material with high cost performance, suitable for conventional scenarios. The main models are Q195, Q215 and Q235 (Q235A/B/C/D, among which Q235B is the most widely used), with a yield strength of 195~235MPa, complying with the standard GB/T 700-2006.
High-strength Low-alloy Steel Flat Steel: It has higher strength and better toughness, suitable for heavy load, low temperature, corrosion resistance and other scenarios. The main models are Q355 (Q355B/C/D/E), with a yield strength of ≥355MPa, complying with the standard GB/T 1591-2018. It is often used in bridges, heavy machinery, high-voltage equipment supports and so on.
Special Material Flat Steel: Customized according to scenarios, including weathering steel (Q355NH, Q295NH), alloy structural steel (45#, 40Cr), etc. Weathering steel is suitable for outdoor, marine and other corrosive environments; stainless steel is suitable for clean and corrosive scenarios such as food, chemical industry and medicine; alloy structural steel is suitable for the processing of mechanical parts that require high strength and high wear resistance.
(3) Classification by Cross-sectional Shape
Ordinary Flat Steel: The cross-section is rectangular, with right angles (or slight rounded corners) at the edges and corners. It is the most commonly used type with a wide range of specifications, suitable for most scenarios.
Rounded Corner Flat Steel: The four corners of the rectangular cross-section are rounded, which avoids scratches from sharp edges and corners, improves the safety of use, and is mostly used in decorative projects, medical equipment, food machinery and other scenarios.
3. Specification Parameters (Implementing National Standard GB/T 704-2018)
(1) Dimension Range
Hot-rolled flat steel: Width 12~200mm, thickness 3~60mm, standard length 4~12m (custom length can be provided according to customer needs, the maximum custom length can reach 18m).
Cold-drawn flat steel: Width 3~100mm, thickness 1~20mm, standard length 2~6m (custom length can be provided to meet the needs of precision processing).
(2) Theoretical Weight Calculation Formula
Theoretical weight of flat steel (kg/m) = 0.00785 × Thickness (mm) × Width (mm) (Note: The calculation result is a theoretical value, and the actual weight has a slight deviation from the production precision and material density, with a deviation range of ≤±3%).
(3) Examples of Common Specifications (Q235B Hot-rolled Flat Steel)
Specification (Width × Thickness, mm) |
Theoretical Weight (kg/m) |
Specification (Width × Thickness, mm) |
Theoretical Weight (kg/m) |
20×3 |
0.471 |
60×8 |
3.768 |
30×5 |
1.178 |
80×10 |
6.280 |
40×6 |
1.884 |
100×12 |
9.420 |
50×7 |
2.748 |
120×15 |
14.130 |
4. Chemical Composition (Taking Q235B as an Example, Implementing GB/T 700-2006)
Element Name |
Carbon (C) |
Silicon (Si) |
Manganese (Mn) |
Phosphorus (P) |
Sulfur (S) |
Content (%) |
≤0.20 |
≤0.35 |
0.30~0.70 |
≤0.045 |
≤0.045 |
5. Mechanical Properties (Taking Q235B Hot-rolled Flat Steel as an Example, Implementing GB/T 700-2006)
Performance Index |
Yield Strength (σs) |
Tensile Strength (σb) |
Elongation (δ5) |
Impact Toughness (Akv) |
Standard Value |
≥235MPa |
370~500MPa |
≥26% |
≥27J (Normal Temperature, 20℃) |
Note: The mechanical properties of cold-drawn flat steel are slightly higher than those of hot-rolled flat steel, the yield strength can be increased by 10%~20%, and the elongation is slightly decreased. The specific parameters can be customized according to customer needs.
6. Surface Treatment
Black Skin (Hot-rolled Original Color): The surface with natural oxide scale formed after hot rolling has the lowest cost and a dark brown appearance. It is suitable for indoor dry environments, non-load-bearing components or subsequent processing and painting scenarios, and requires regular anti-rust maintenance (oil coating, painting).
Hot-dip Galvanizing: The most commonly used anti-corrosion treatment method. The flat steel is immersed in molten zinc liquid to form a uniform zinc layer (zinc layer thickness ≥85μm), with excellent anti-corrosion performance. It is suitable for outdoor, humid, marine, chemical and other corrosive environments, implementing the standard GB/T 13912-2002, and the service life can reach 15~30 years.
Painting/Plastic Spraying: It has both anti-rust and decorative functions, and the color can be customized according to customer needs (such as gray, blue, red, etc.). The coating thickness is uniform, suitable for decorative projects, equipment casings, indoor and outdoor supports and other scenarios. The anti-corrosion effect is better than black skin and worse than hot-dip galvanizing.
Shot Blasting/Sand Blasting: The surface oxide scale, rust and impurities are removed by mechanical methods, so that the surface presents a uniform metallic luster and improves the surface adhesion. It is suitable for subsequent welding, painting, electroplating and other processing to ensure the processing quality.
Pickling and Passivation: Mainly used for stainless steel flat steel. The surface oxide layer is removed by pickling, and then passivation treatment is carried out to improve the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. It is suitable for clean and high-corrosion scenarios such as food, medicine and chemical industry.
7. Application Scope
Building Structure Field: Factory frame supports, auxiliary components of roof beams, wall keels, stair steps, balcony railings, curtain wall connectors, as well as bridge supports, auxiliary load-bearing components of bridge piers, etc.
Power and Communication Field: Transmission tower supports, cable trench supports, bus ducts, substation equipment bases, communication base station support components, as well as grounding flat steel (special for lightning protection and grounding, commonly used specifications 40×4, 50×5).
Mechanical Manufacturing Field: Equipment bases, frames, reinforcing ribs, gear processing raw materials, machine tool guide rails, conveyor equipment supports, vehicle chassis components, etc.
Chemical and Metallurgical Field: Chemical equipment supports, pipeline supports, metallurgical furnace frames, storage tank supports, corrosion-resistant components (using stainless steel or weathering steel materials).
Decoration and Hardware Field: Door and window frames, railings, handrails, furniture hardware, decorative modeling components (using cold-drawn flat steel or rounded corner flat steel with high precision and beautiful appearance).
Other Fields: Warehouse shelves, container accessories, ship auxiliary components, agricultural machinery supports, medical equipment accessories, etc.
8. Quality Standards and Acceptance
Implementation Standards: Hot-rolled flat steel implements GB/T 704-2018, cold-drawn flat steel implements GB/T 3078-2017, materials implement GB/T 700 (carbon steel) and GB/T 1591 (low-alloy steel), and surface treatment implements GB/T 13912 (hot-dip galvanizing).
Dimensional Deviation: The width deviation is ≤±0.5mm, the thickness deviation is ≤±0.25mm, the length deviation is ≤±5mm/m, and the bending degree is ≤2mm/m, which meets the national standard requirements and ensures the installation and processing precision.
Surface Quality: No cracks, folds, scars, delamination, bubbles, severe rust and other defects; the hot-dip galvanized surface has no missing plating, peeling, color difference, and the zinc layer is uniform; the cold-drawn flat steel surface has no scratches, oxide scale, and is smooth and flat.
Acceptance Requirements: Each batch of products is attached with a quality certificate, indicating the specification, material, batch number, mechanical properties, chemical composition, production date and other information; sampling inspection (mechanical properties, dimensional deviation, surface quality) can be carried out according to customer requirements, and unqualified products can be returned or exchanged.
9. Product Advantages
Stable Mechanical Properties: Uniform cross-section, balanced bending, compression and tensile properties, not easy to deform, suitable for various force-bearing scenarios, with strong bearing capacity.
Convenient and Diversified Processing: It can be directly cut, drilled, welded, bent, punched and other processing without complex pre-treatment, suitable for different processing needs and reducing processing costs.
Complete Specifications and Materials: It has a wide range of widths and thicknesses, and the materials can be customized according to scenarios, from conventional carbon steel to special stainless steel and weathering steel, meeting the use needs of different industries and environments.
Outstanding Cost Performance: Mature production process, large output, lower price than complex section steels such as H-steel and I-steel, and long service life, which greatly reduces engineering and processing costs.
Wide Adaptability: It can be used alone or in combination with other section steels, taking into account multiple functions such as load-bearing, connection and decoration, covering construction, machinery, electric power and other fields.
10. Delivery Instructions
Delivery Time: 5~7 days.
Packaging: Bundled packaging is adopted (each bundle weighs 2~5 tons, adjusted according to specifications), wrapped with moisture-proof film and woven cloth outside to prevent rust and scratches during transportation; the label indicates the product name, specification, material, batch number, weight, manufacturer information, which is convenient for acceptance and storage.
Transportation: Supports road transportation, railway transportation and water transportation, and can deliver goods in full vehicle or less than carload, which can directly reach many places in China; for export orders, export standard packaging (complying with international transportation specifications) can be provided, and customs declaration procedures can be assisted.
Value-added Services: Provide customized processing services, including deep processing such as cutting, drilling, bending, hot-dip galvanizing and painting; can customize the length, special specifications and special material flat steel according to customer needs; provide technical consultation to help customers choose the appropriate specifications and materials.
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