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Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) two commonly used thermal analysis instruments that have a wide range of applications in materials science, chemistry, physics, and engineering. Here is a detailed introduction to these two instruments:
hermogravimetric analyzer (TGA)
Principle of operation
The TGA studies the thermal stability, decomposition process, oxidation stability, etc., materials by measuring the mass change of samples under a program-controlled temperature. When the sample undergoes physical or chemical changes (such as volatilization, decomposition, oxidation,.) during the heating process, its mass will change. TGA records these mass changes through a high-precision balance and plots the curve with the mass change rate as the ord and temperature or time as the abscissa.
Application fields
TGA is mainly used to study the thermal stability, thermal decomposition, oxidation stability, adsorption and des processes, etc., of materials. For example, through TGA, it is possible to determine the thermal decomposition temperature, oxidation induction period, and other parameters of the, which are of great significance for the processing and application of the material.
Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC)
Principle of operation
TheSC measures the relationship between the power difference (heat flow difference) between the sample and the reference and temperature under program-controlled temperature. The core of the DSC is the measuring, in which the sample and the reference are placed. When the sample undergoes a thermal effect (such as melting, crystallization, phase change, etc.), the instrument automaticallys the input power by compensating the heating wire to keep the temperature of the sample and the reference consistent. The recorded curve reflects the change of heat flow difference with temperature or time
Application fields
DSC can quantitatively determine a variety of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters, such as specific heat, heat of reaction, heat of transformation, glass transition temperature, crystallization, crystallinity of polymers, etc. It is widely used in the research of polymer materials, metals, inorganic materials, drugs, etc., such as determining the melting temperature crystallization temperature, and glass transition temperature of polymer materials.
Differences between the two
Measurement object
TGA mainly measures the mass change of the sample, DSC mainly measures the heat flow change of the sample.
Application emphasis
TGA focuses on the study of the thermal stability, decomposition process, etc., of materials, DSC is more suitable for the study of the thermal effects, phase transitions, crystallization, etc., of materials.
Curve characteristics
The TGA curve takes the change rate as the ordinate, and the DSC curve takes the heat flow rate as the ordinate.
Selection criteria
Research needs
If it is necessary to study the change process of materials, such as decomposition, volatilization, etc., TGA is a better choice; if it is necessary to study the thermal effects and phase transitions materials, DSC is more appropriate.
Sample characteristics
For materials with poor thermal stability or easy to decompose, TGA can provide more direct mass change information; for materials need to measure thermal effects precisely, DSC has higher sensitivity and resolution.
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