1. Introduction of optical moduleAs an important part of fiber optic communication, optical module is an optoelectronic device that realizes the function of photoelectric conversion and electro-optical conversion. To be precise, optical module is the general name of several types of modules, including optical transmitting module transmitter, optical receiving module receiver, optical transceiver module transmitter and optical forwarding module transmitter. Generally, the optical module we call generally refers to the integrated optical transceiver module, namely, optical transceiver. ① Working principle of optical transceiver Optical transceiver works in the physical layer of OSI model and is one of the core devices in optical fiber communication system. It is mainly composed of optoelectronic devices (optical transmitter, optical receiver), functional circuit and optical (Electrical) interface. Components of an optical transceiver Basic principle: the transmitting interface inputs an electrical signal with a certain code rate. After being processed by the internal driving chip, the driving semiconductor laser (LD) or light emitting diode (LED) emits a modulated optical signal with a corresponding rate. After being transmitted through the optical fiber, the receiving interface converts the optical signal from the optical detection diode into an electrical signal, After passing through the preamplifier, the electrical signal of the corresponding code rate is output. ② Key parameters of optical transceiver The key technical indicators of the optical transceiver mainly include: transmitting optical power, receiving optical power, overload optical power, maximum receiving sensitivity and extinction ratio. A. Transmitting optical power: refers to the optical power output by the light source at the transmitting end of the optical module under normal working conditions, which can be understood as the intensity of light, and the unit is w or MW or DBM. Where w or MW is the linear unit and DBM is the logarithmic unit. In communication, we usually use DBM to represent optical power, and the optical power of 0dbm corresponds to 1MW.B. Receiving optical power: refers to the average optical power range that can be received by the receiving end component under the condition of a certain bit error rate (BER = 10-12). The upper limit value is the overload optical power, and the lower limit value is the maximum value of reception sensitivity.C. Overload optical power: also known as saturated optical power, it refers to the maximum input average optical power that can be received by the receiver component when a certain bit error rate (BER = 10-12) is maintained at a certain transmission rate (unit: DBM). It should be noted that the photocurrent saturation of the photodetector will occur under strong light irradiation. Therefore, strong light irradiation should be avoided as far as possible to prevent exceeding the saturated light power.D. Receiving sensitivity: refers to the minimum average input optical power that can be received by the receiving end component when a certain bit error rate (BER = 10-12) is maintained at a certain transmission rate (unit: DBM). Generally, the higher the rate, the worse the reception sensitivity, that is, the greater the minimum received optical power, and the higher the requirements for the receiving devices of the optical transceiver.E. Extinction ratio (EXT): it is one of the important parameters used to measure the quality of optical modules. It refers to the ratio of the optical power P1 (when the laser emits all "1" codes) to P0 (when the laser emits all "0" codes) under the condition of full modulation, and the unit is dB. It is not that the greater the extinction ratio, the better the quality of the optical module, but that the optical module with an extinction ratio can meet the IEEE 802.3 standard is the better. ③ Example of optical transceiver information on the switch: Cisco switch interface optical transceiver information: Huawei switch interface optical transceiver information:2. Classification and packaging(form-factor) of optical transceivers ① Transmission rate: The current common types of optical modules are as follows:400GE optical module200GE optical module100GE optical module40GE optical module25GE Optical Module10GE Optical ModuleGE Optical ModuleFE Optical Module ② Form-factors: The higher the transmission rate, the more complex the structure, resulting in form-factors. For example, SFP/eSFP, SFP+, SFP28, QSFP+, CXP, CFP, QSFP28, etc. l SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: small pluggable SFP module supports LC fiber connector.l SFP + (Small Form-factor Pluggable plus) optical module: refers to the SFP module with increased rate. Because of the increased rate, it is sensitive to EMI and smaller than the SFP module.l XFP (10GB Small Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: "X" is the abbreviation of Roman numeral 10. All XFP modules are 10GE optical modules. The XFP optical module supports LC optical fiber connectors. Compared with SFP + optical module, XFP optical module is wider and longer in size.l SFP28 (Small Form-factor Pluggable 28) optical module: the interface package size is the same as that of SFP +, and supports 25G SFP28 optical module and 10G SFP + optical module.l QSFP+ (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: four channel small hot pluggable optical module. QSFP + optical module supports MPO optical fiber connector, which is larger than SFP + optical module. Fiber Mall 40G QSFP+ Optical Transceivers l CXP (120 GB/s Extended Capability Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: it is a hot-pluggable high-density parallel optical module standard. It provides 12 channels in the transmit and receive (TX / Rx) directions. It is only applicable to short-range multimode links.l CFP (CENTUM Form-factor pluggable) optical module: the size is defined as 144.75mm × 82mm × 13.6mm, which is a new optical module standard with high speed, hot-pluggable and supporting two applications of data communication and telecommunication transmission.l QSFP28 (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable 28) optical module: the interface package size is the same as QSFP+, and supports 100G QSFP28 optical module and 40G QSFP+ optical module. ③ Single-mode or muti-mode? The optical fiber is divided into single-mode optical fiber and multi-mode optical fiber. The single-mode optical module is used together with the single-mode optical fiber. The single-mode optical fiber has wide transmission frequency bandwidth and large transmission capacity, which is suitable for long-distance transmission; The multi-mode optical module is used together with multi-mode optical fiber, and multi-mode optical fiber has mode dispersion defect, and its transmission performance is worse than that of single-mode optical fiber, but the cost is low. Therefore, it is suitable for small capacity and short-distance transmission. ④ Wavelength The central wavelength refers to the waveband used for optical signal transmission. At present, there are three kinds of common central wavelengths: 850nm, 1310nm and 1550nm.850nm: mostly used for short distance transmission (≤ 2km)1310nm and 1550nm: mostly used for medium and long distance transmission (>2km) ⑤ Transmission distance According to the different transmission distance of optical module, it can be divided into:Short distance optical module: ≤ 2kmMedium distance optical module, 10 ~ 20kmLong distance optical module: ≥30km.The transmission distance of optical modules is limited mainly because of the loss and dispersion of optical signals during fiber transmission. ⑥ Photoelectric module The photoelectric module is usually called electric port module or RJ45 SFP module. Unlike the optical module, the electric port module does not carry out photoelectric conversion. Through the switching of the electric module, the two optical interfaces can be connected with a network cable.RJ45 Copper SFP Module 3. Development and evolution of optical transceiversIn the current physical architecture network of mainstream data centers, Spine-Leaf (Clos network architecture) architecture is commonly followed. Usually 10GE interface is used as the access side server docking, and 40GE interface is commonly used for the uplink on the Leaf side. In large data centers, it has been common to use 25G as the mainstream access and 100G uplink. In scenarios requiring high computation and high bandwidth, GPU servers have been using 100GE and even 200GE access. Data center switch interconnects are evolving to large-scale 400GE interconnects.The development of Ethernet has undergone rapid changes from 1Mbit/s, 10Mbit/s, 100Mbit/s (FE), 1Gbit/s (GE), 10Gbit/s (10GE) to 40Gbit/s (40GE), 100Gbit\s (100GE), and with the rapid development of big data, smart cities, mobile Internet, cloud computing, network traffic has shown exponential growth. The thirst for continuous growth of bandwidth will require higher bandwidth rates, and optical modules will develop rapidly.
Fiber Optic Transceivers Optical Module Fiber Optic 2990 81 07/29/21RECENT POSTS
Minister of Trade Budi Santoso: Transactions Surpass Target, Reaching USD 22.80 Billion TANGERANG, Indonesia, Oct. 23, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Minister of Trade Budi Santoso officially closed the 40th Trade Expo Indonesia (TEI) 2025 at the Indonesia Convention Exhibition (ICE), BSD, Tangerang Regency, Banten, on Sunday (19/10). As of 1:00 p.m. local time on the closing day, the country's largest export exhibition recorded an outstanding achievement, with total transactions reaching USD 22.80 billion, equivalent to IDR 376.20 trillion, exceeding the initial target of USD 16.5 billion. Minister of Trade Budi Santoso delivers a presentation on the results of the 40th Trade Expo Indonesia (TEI) 2025, highlighting total transactions of USD 22.8 billion over five days, exceeding the set target and marking a record achievement in Indonesia’s export performance. "As of 1:00 p.m. today, total transactions have reached USD 22.80 billion and are expected to continue growing beyond USD 23 billion. This achievement demonstrates that Indonesian products not only compete globally but have also become top choices in the international market. The 40th TEI highlights Indonesia's natural and human resource strengths in producing high-quality and sustainable export products," stated Minister Budi Santoso. Throughout the five-day exhibition, TEI 2025 welcomed 34,550 visitors from 131 countries, surpassing the target of 30,000 visitors. Of these, 8,045 were international buyers representing 130 countries, with the largest contingents from Malaysia (769 buyers), China (605), India (594), Nigeria (509), and Egypt (406). The exhibition featured 1,619 participating companies, exceeding the target of 1,500. Participants included 623 companies in the Food, Beverages & Agricultural Products, Licensing and Franchise Zone; 603 companies in the Fashion & Lifestyle Zone; and 393 companies in the Manufacturing and Services Zone. In terms of trade performance, goods transactions reached USD 17.90 billion, services USD 443.70 million, and investment USD 4.37 billion. These transactions comprised MoUs worth USD 22.70 billion, fairground transactions amounting to USD 71.60 million, and business matching deals worth USD 63.40 million, an 88% increase compared to 2024. Notably, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) contributed USD 474.70 million (approximately IDR 7.80 trillion) in transactions. Among participating countries, India led with USD 4.30 billion in transaction value, followed by the Netherlands (USD 3.90 billion), Vietnam (USD 3.30 billion), the Philippines (USD 3.10 billion), and China (USD 2.40 billion). The most sought-after products included mining products (USD 5.50 billion), precious metals (USD 2.70 billion), palm oil and derivatives (USD 2.30 billion), charcoal and briquettes (USD 1.60 billion), and spare parts (USD 1.40 billion). In addition to the main exhibition, Pangan Nusa Expo 2025 also achieved notable success, generating USD 7.30 million in potential international culinary expansion deals, IDR 37.60 billion in business matching opportunities, and IDR 2.40 billion in on-the-spot transactions. The event provided market access for 12 culinary MSMEs, including winners of the UKM Pangan Award, to modern retail and national transportation networks such as PT KAI. Minister Santoso extended his appreciation to all contributors, including trade representatives abroad, Trade Attachés (Atdag), Indonesia Trade Promotion Centers (ITPC), Indonesian Trade and Economic Offices (KDEI), Trade Consuls, and Ambassadors in partner countries. He also expressed gratitude to supporting ministries and agencies, PT Bank Mandiri (Persero), PT Debindo Multi Adhiswasti as the event organizer, and PT Pertamina along with the Badan Pengelola Dana Perkebunan (BPDP) as key partners. "The success of the 40th TEI is the result of strong collaboration among the government, business community, banking sector, state-owned enterprises, and other strategic partners. Let us continue this momentum to further enhance the quality and competitiveness of Indonesia's non-oil and gas exports," Minister Santoso emphasized. Minister Santoso also announced that the 41st Trade Expo Indonesia will be held from October 14–18, 2026, encouraging all stakeholders to pursue continuous innovation, improve product quality, harness digital technology, and uphold sustainable business practices. "Keep innovating, elevate your product quality, and leverage digital technology. Stay passionate, the world awaits the finest products from Indonesia," concluded Minister Santoso. The 40th Trade Expo Indonesia is Organized by PT Debindomulti Adhiswasti. PR Newswire is the media partner of the 40th Trade Expo Indonesia (TEI) 2025
TANGERANG, Indonesia, Oct. 23, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Minister of Trade Budi Santoso, accompanied by Coordinating Minister for Food Affairs Zulkifli Hasan, officially inaugurated the 40th Trade Expo Indonesia (TEI) 2025 at the Indonesia Convention Exhibition (ICE) BSD City, Tangerang Regency, Banten, on Wednesday (15/10). The annual international-scale exhibition organized by the Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia carries the theme "Discover Indonesia's Excellence: Trade Beyond Boundaries." Minister of Trade Budi Santoso delivers his keynote address during the opening ceremony of the 40th Trade Expo Indonesia (TEI) 2025. The event marks Indonesia’s ongoing commitment to strengthening global trade partnerships and showcasing the nation’s world-class export products. In his remarks, Coordinating Minister Zulkifli Hasan, representing President Prabowo Subianto, emphasized that the government's trade policies remain on the right track, as reflected in Indonesia's strong and consistent export performance. "As of this month, Indonesia's national export value has grown by more than 7 percent compared to last year, with the trade surplus increasing to USD 29 billion. This remarkable achievement is the result of collective effort and collaboration. Through the spirit of partnership and optimism, Indonesia will continue to strengthen its position as a highly competitive economic power in the global market," stated Minister Zulkifli Hasan. Meanwhile, Minister of Trade Budi Santoso reported that TEI 2025 features 1,619 exhibitors and has successfully registered 8,045 buyers from 130 countries. The exhibition is divided into three main zones, Food & Agricultural Products, Manufacturing Products, and Services & Lifestyle, with total transaction targets reaching USD 16.5 billion. "TEI serves as a tangible reflection of President Prabowo's Asta Cita vision, reinforcing national downstream industrialization and expanding Indonesia's role in the global value chain toward the Golden Indonesia 2045," said Minister Santoso. He added that beyond the main exhibition, the 40th TEI also features a series of supporting programs such as business matching, business counseling, and various business forums aimed at fostering partnerships and expanding global market access. Minister Santoso extended his appreciation and gratitude to all stakeholders for their cooperation and support. Special acknowledgments were given to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Indonesian representatives abroad, foreign embassies in Indonesia, the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (KADIN), and foreign chambers of commerce that actively contributed to engaging international buyers and expanding Indonesia's trade network globally. He also expressed appreciation to the main sponsors, Bank Mandiri, Pertamina, and the Palm Oil Plantation Fund Management Agency (BPDPKS) for their continuous support and participation in ensuring the success of the 40th TEI. Gratitude was also conveyed to all ministries and agencies, local governments, state-owned enterprises (SOEs), private partners, and PT Debindo Multi Adhiswasti as the event organizer for their valuable contributions. "Through the spirit of collaboration and optimism that we build together, I am confident that Indonesia will continue to solidify its position as a highly competitive economic power in the global market for the prosperity of our nation and the well-being of the global community," Minister Santoso concluded. During the opening ceremony, Minister Santoso also presented the Primaniyarta Awards to top-performing exporters and regional leaders who have consistently increased their export value and global brand recognition. Awards were also given to pioneering exporters in new markets who serve as inspiration for Indonesia's export community. Additionally, the Primaduta Awards were presented to loyal buyers and Indonesia's long-term export partners. The recognition also extended to Indonesian trade representatives abroad for their efforts in promoting the country's non-oil and gas exports. Distinguished guests attending the opening included Minister for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Maman Abdurrahman, Minister for Villages and Underdeveloped Regions Yandri Susanto, Governor of Banten Andra Soni, and Chairman of KADIN Indonesia Anindya Bakrie. Also in attendance were Francisco Kalbuady Lay, Deputy Prime Minister and Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste; Salem Mohamed Ahmed Salman, Deputy Minister of Trade and Industry of Yemen; and Hossam Heiba, Chairman of the General Authority for Investment and Free Zones of Egypt; along with Indonesian ambassadors and foreign ambassadors from partner countries. The 40th Trade Expo Indonesia is Organized by PT Debindomulti Adhiswasti. PR Newswire is the media partner of the 40th Trade Expo Indonesia (TEI) 2025
SUZHOU, China, Oct. 23, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Dreame Technology's innovative Sparkling Water Refrigerator has been honored with the prestigious Japan Good Design Award, often called the "Oscar of Eastern Design." The award recognizes its design philosophy of "Seamless Integration of Technology and Aesthetics," marking a significant international endorsement of its innovative design and user experience. Dreame's Sparkling Water Refrigerator Honored with Japan Good Design Award The Dreame Sparkling Water Refrigerator goes beyond traditional home appliance design by integrating three core functions: Instant Sparkling Water, Smart Freshness, and Home Aesthetics. This integration offers a one-stop solution for modern kitchens. The refrigerator features an instant sparkling water system, supporting three levels of carbonation to meet various beverage pairing needs. The IceDUO Auto Ice Maker offers both cube ice and crushed ice, paired with a high-capacity ice box, easily catering to high-frequency household ice usage scenarios. In terms of preservation, the refrigerator features a Twin-Cooling system that effectively prevents odor transfer. Its HumidFlex intelligent humidity control zone accurately maintains optimal humidity levels for various foods. The user-centric spatial design includes a dedicated snacks zone for canned goods and an adjustable wine rack, achieving a perfect balance of practicality and visual order. The exterior utilizes an anti-fingerprint MatteSilk stainless steel panel. Combined with EU high energy efficiency certification and 35dB ultra-quiet operation, it realizes aesthetic expression while also adhering to concepts of energy saving and low noise for the home. This award highlights Dreame's leadership in product design and technology integration, accelerating its global expansion. Moving forward, Dreame will remain dedicated to user-centric innovation, pioneering a new era of smarter, more integrated high-end home appliances. The article is from Shuzhi Society
A fusion of art, AI, and playful learning brings warmth, imagination, and human connection into technology, showing how creativity turns everyday moments into inspiring experiences. HONG KONG, Oct. 23, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Infinix is exploring new ways for young consumers to connect with technology through its imaginative campaign "SMART Fruit Market" in Indonesia. The initiative turns daily life into a space for creativity, combining AI-generated artistry, interactive learning, and human-centered storytelling. Visitors explore one of the Infinix “SMART Fruit Market” pop-ups in Indonesia, an interactive space that blends art, AI, and creativity to inspire smarter technology choices. Based on insight into how young people experience technology, Infinix takes a different approach from traditional tech marketing by adding warmth, wit, and deeper consumer insights to its communications. "The SMART Fruit Market reflects how Infinix blends cultural insight with creative imagination to craft storytelling with warmth and relevance," said TT Liu, Chief Marketing Officer of Infinix. "We aim to use creativity, education, and interaction as bridges to bring technology closer to life, inspiring young people around the world to explore infinite possibilities for the future." A Creative Fusion of Art and Technology Infinix unveiled a series of AI-generated shorts that reimagine the perspectives of history's most influential thinkers and artists, each portrayed in a distinct creative setting with their own playful "fruit-picking philosophy." Through witty dialogue and visual metaphor, the shorts illustrate how everyday decisions can mirror the way consumers make smarter, value-driven technology choices. Rule 1: "Color Makes Freshness Obvious."Rule 2: "High Prices Do Not Always Mean Higher Value."Rule 3: "You Need Greater Energy."Rule 4: "The Best Always Look Alike." Blending everyday humor with relatable insight, the campaign turns fruit-picking into a metaphor for mindful decision-making in technology. By connecting familiar life moments with creative storytelling, the shorts bridge art, science, and daily life—reflecting Infinix's belief that technology should spark creativity, foster connection, and bring warmth to innovation. Building on this idea, Infinix brought the concept offline through the SMART Fruit Market pop-up, where visitors experienced the four principles via interactive installations, learning zones, and themed photo spaces featuring the Infinix SMART 10 Plus. The activation drew more than 8,000 visitors across Jakarta, Bandung, and Surabaya, generating strong engagement and positive audience feedback. Humanizing Technology through Everyday Insight Through consumer insight, Infinix found that young people seek innovation with a human touch. The brand moves beyond product-centric communication by weaving technology into daily life through storytelling that feels intuitive, emotional, and inspiring. This approach turns innovation into a human-centered experience, encouraging people to see technology not merely as a tool but as part of their lifestyle and creativity. From Supermarket Aisles to Immersive Spaces The campaign began in late September as a "Fruit Stall" activation inside Super Indo supermarkets in Jakarta. Among fresh-fruit displays, shoppers discovered smartphones accompanied by the same four playful selection principles, helping audiences evaluate technology with clarity and confidence. Shoppers get to experience the Infinix “SMART Fruit Market” inside Super Indo supermarkets, turning fruit picking into a creative tech encounter. Visitors explore the Infinix “SMART Fruit Market” pop-up in Surabaya, Indonesia, blending art, AI, and creativity to inspire smarter choices. Encouraged by the strong response, Infinix expanded the idea into a larger, immersive SMART Fruit Market pop-up. Participants joined the "Trade Your Apple" challenge for opportunities to win vouchers, merchandise, and the SMART 10 Plus smartphone—turning fruit picking into an interactive learning experience that linked technology with everyday culture. "We turned a simple fruit-shopping idea into an interactive learning experience," said Sergio Ticoalu, Head of Marketing, Infinix Indonesia. "This campaign connects technology to daily life and shows that making smart choices can be enjoyable." Visitors take part in interactive activities at the Infinix “SMART Fruit Market” pop-up event, blending play and creativity with technology. Continuing to Build Insight-Driven Creative Campaigns Following the campaign's success in Indonesia, Infinix will continue developing insight-driven creative strategies across global markets. Through collaborations with local communities and creative partners, the brand aims to create emotionally resonant experiences that bring warmth and inspiration to smart technology for consumers around the world. About Infinix Established in 2013, Infinix is an innovation-driven brand dedicated to delivering cutting-edge technology, bold design, and outstanding performance. The brand provides smart, enjoyable mobile experiences that enhance everyday life. Beyond smartphones, Infinix has expanded its portfolio to include TWS earbuds, smartwatches, laptops, tablets, smart TVs, and more—building a comprehensive ecosystem of smart devices. Currently, Infinix products are available in over 70 countries and regions worldwide, including Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. For more information, please visit www.infinixmobility.com.
