After years of development, 100G applications have formed a variety of technology types and alliances, whether it is the standardized ieee802.3bm or the 100G application model launched by SWDM, MSA and other organizations. There are many kinds of interfaces and application technologies supporting 100G, and each has its own characteristics. For the practical application of the data center, the distance between the connection points of most data centers does not exceed 500 meters. From a large number of 100G interface models, we have selected four types that are most likely to be used in data centers for further analysis for users who need to deploy 100G for reference. 1. 100GBase-SR4 100GBase-SR4 complies with the new standard ieee802.3bm issued in 2015. It uses 4 channels composed of 8-core multimode fiber for parallel transmission. Both multimode OM3 and OM4 optical fibers support 100G applications. The interface adopts 12 core MPO interface. The middle four core optical fiber does not need to be used. Each channel supports 25G. The transmission model is completely consistent with 100GBase-SR4 in ieee802.3ba. The optical transceiver adopts 100G QSFP28 SR4. This model can use conventional OM3 and OM4 multimode optical fibers to support 70m and 100m distances of 100G applications respectively. 2. 100GBase-SWDM4 SWDM (Short Wavelength Division Multiplexing) transmits four wavelength bands of optical signals over a single core of multimode fiber. The principle of WDM is similar to CWDM on single-mode, but SWDM is the first application of WDM technology on the short wavelength band of multimode fiber. It can be referred to the transmission principle model in the following figure: The main transmission window of traditional OM3 and OM4 multimode fiber is defined at 850nm. If SWDM technology is adopted, four windows are required to transmit optical signals, and the four wavebands still use VCSEL vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with high cost performance. In order to improve the overall bandwidth, the bandwidth of the new generation multimode fiber WBMMF(Wideband Multimode Fiber) is increased. In WBMMF, the highest bandwidth performance is around 880nm band, and the highest bandwidth point is higher than that of traditional OM4 multimode fiber. The SWDM technology can also use OM4 optical fiber as the transmission medium, but the transmission distance should be reduced accordingly. Compared with the SR4 model, SWDM4 requires only 25% of the optical fiber.3. 100GBase-PSM4 100GBase-PSM4 adopts single-mode optical fiber parallel transmission mode. Each 100G model adopts 8-core single-mode optical fiber to form four independent channels. The interface adopts 12 core MPO interface, in which the middle 4-core optical fiber of MPO interface is not enabled, and each channel supports 25G. The optical fiber transmission model is similar to 100GBase-SR4. The biggest difference is that PSM4 adopts single-mode optical fiber as the transmission medium and laser light source 1310 window. The optical transceiver also adopts QSFP28, and the connector adopts MTP / MPO single-mode APC. At present, 100GBase PSM4 has not been recognized by IEEE standardization organization, and is mainly promoted by PSM4 MSA alliance. 4. 100GBase-CWDM4 100GBase-CWDM4 is a 100G transmission model based on single-mode coarse wavelength division multiplexing(CWDM) technology. The fiber optic transceiver uses a single-mode laser light source with LC duplex interface, and supports four long wavelength bands of signal transmission on each core fiber, these four emission windows are 1271nm,1291nm,1311nm,1331nm, and each band transmits 25G. 100GBase-CWDM4 model is also used QSFP28 optical transceiver.Compare to traditional single-mode 10KM transceiver with high cost, the 2KM QSFP28 100G CWDM4 transceiver has a competitive price. 5. Summary Different types of data centers determine different needs. Not all data center users currently have the need to deploy 100G, so what types of users need to deploy 100G networks the most? To answer this question, we can divide data centers into two major categories, IDC (Internet Data Center) and EDC (Enterprise Data Center). Relatively speaking, some IDC data centers have more urgency to deploy 100G backbone networks, such as the data centers of large interconnection companies or carriers or some scaled cloud computing data centers. In terms of current price, although the wiring cost of multi-mode 100G based on SR4 is relatively high, the overall price has certain advantages, especially the price of SR4 optical transceiver is significantly lower than that of other types. Meanwhile, the price of optical transceiver based on CWDM single-mode is significantly higher than that of the other three types. The overall price difference between PSM4 and SWDM is small. As the SWDM alliance participated by a small number of optical transceiver manufacturers, it is not a public technology at present, and the market price remains relatively high temporarily. However, from the perspective of technology and cost composition, there is still a large room for price decline of SWDM, and this product has a certain market potential in the future.
Optical Transceiver QSFP28 100G QSFP28 3079 101 07/29/21RECENT POSTS
JIAXING, China, April 26, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- At the Green Energy Expo 2024 held at Daegu Exhibition Convention Center (EXCO) from April 24 to 26, BatteroTech showcased a full range of its energy storage solutions, including battery cells such as 50Ah, 53Ah, 65Ah, 72Ah, 115Ah, and 280Ah, and power storage systems such as 1P16S air cooling battery pack, 1P52S liquid cooling battery pack, and 1P416S BTL liquid cooling outdoor cabinet, which can meet the specific needs of residential, commercial, and industrial energy storage and other fields. In particular, the upgraded 314Ah cell with a prolonged cycle life and the 1500V BTL liquid cooling outdoor cabinet designed for industrial, commercial, and distributed energy storage have attracted wide attention. Many visitors stopped at BatteroTech's booth for more details and thought highly of its products. BatteroTech's next-generation 314Ah cell, which has made an impressive debut at the expo, is developed based on continuous optimization and upgrading features, has a further improvement in performance, boasts a cycle life of more than 12,000 times, and achieves a rate of capacity fade of 3% and less in the first year of use under typical working conditions. Its discharge capacity retention rate is more than 90% at -30℃, and its storage life is 20 years and beyond, with 80% of its capacity retained at the end of its life. 314Ah cell was officially unveiled last May featuring "precise nominal capacity and high cost performance", and its off-line ceremony was held last September. The first batch of 314Ah cells were rolled off the production line in just 3 months. This product is currently in mass production. The 1500V BTL liquid cooling outdoor cabinet is an energy storage system product with independent industrialized design. Under the concept of super safety, ultra-high level of protection, and being highly intelligent, the product is designed to provide a comprehensive energy storage system solution. Below are its major advantages and features: High flexibility and integration Featuring integrated design from a combined mechanical, electrical and thermal perspective, the cabinet has a small footprint and is easy to transport, which applies to large, industrial and commercial scenarios. Real-time monitoring and all-round protection With a three-level architectural design for real-time data transfer, and an overall protection rating of IP55, the cabinet features a temperature difference of less than 5℃ inside, making it applicable to severe conditions. Safety pre-warning and intelligent fire protection The BMS real-time monitoring can fully ensure system safety. The level-3 intelligent fire protection system integrates pack-level fire-fighting measures including perfluorohexanone, aerosol, and water immersion, ensuring both active and passive fire protection. One-stop intelligent management Together with the smart AI system, the cloud-based intelligent control, which helps reduce human resource investment, enables remote monitoring and management, and supports expansion and upgrading, ensuring quality services to customers. For more information, please visit BatteroTech's official website: https://en.batterotech.com/ BatteroTech Co., Ltd. is a lithium battery manufacturer dedicated in the new energy industry which is invested by Tsingshan Industry, one of the Fortune 500 companies. BatteroTech is mainly engaged in the research and development, production and marketing of lithium batteries, battery modules, battery systems, etc. and committed to providing world-class solutions and services for new energy vehicle manufacturers and electric power investors who aim to achieve the goal of "Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality". The company has set up R&D centers and manufacturing bases respectively located in Shanghai and Jiashan.
GUANGZHOU, China, April 26, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- In a significant move to facilitate seamless payment experiences for international attendees, the 135th China Import and Export Fair ("Canton Fair" or "the Fair") has partnered with multiple financial institutions to upgrade its payment systems. This initiative ensures a more inclusive and comprehensive payment environment, accommodating mobile payments, bank cards, and digital yuan among other methods. The Canton Fair has enhanced its payment facilities to better serve the global merchant community, introducing Self-Service Exchange Machines ("the Exchange Machines") and POS terminals that support international bank cards to simplify the buying experience. Moreover, attendees can now access digital yuan wallets through straightforward procedures at the Exchange Machines, facilitating seamless transactions. Prominent locations, including Guangzhou Baiyun International Airport and the fairgrounds, now feature "Foreign Visitors Payment International Desk" to simplify transactions for international visitors. These desks assist guests in downloading, registering, and using major Chinese mobile payment platforms like UnionPay QuickPass, Alipay, and WeChat Pay. Additionally, they help with linking international bank cards, such as Visa and Discover Global Network, to enable QR code payments. In the course of the offline exhibition, the Canton Fair's upgrade in payment convenience was fully experienced by the attendees. Musta, a long-time Jordanian buyer at the Fair, chose to exchange currency at the Exchange Machine. He shared, "inserting my ID and then euros, the machine dispensed cash quickly. It was really straightforward and easy." From the USA, Steve Neumeyer, General Manager for International Products 90, stated, "the easy-to-use payment methods have greatly improved our experience of participation. The Canton Fair is a window into China's swift progress and a gateway to limitless business prospects." Triggered by this edition, significant strides have been made to facilitate easier payment methods for international visitors in Guangzhou, not just at the exhibition sites but also in shopping and tourist areas. Before the commencement of the Fair, the city boasted a coverage of more than 90% for international bank card acceptance in key areas, and ATM support for international bank card withdrawals was at a high of 98%. Additionally, a vast network of over 457,000 local merchants had been set up to accept direct electronic wallet payments or to allow the binding of international bank cards with domestic e-wallets, making transactions more convenient. For more information about the Fair, please register at https://invitation.cantonfair.org.cn/BuyerUser/RegisterUser?MediaType=16.
HANGZHOU, China, April 26, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Hikvision made a significant appearance at Intertraffic Amsterdam, the leading global trade fair for mobility and traffic technology. At the trade event, Hikvision unveiled a suite of traffic, transport, and parking management solutions and products powered by Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) technology, which promised to improve urban mobility, road safety, and operational efficacy. Hikvision redefines urban mobility with AIoT-powered solutions at Intertraffic 2024 Elevating urban traffic intelligence with AIoT One highlight of the Hikvision stand was its intelligent urban traffic solution, which leveraged the power of AIoT to deliver comprehensive real-time monitoring, incident detection, and traffic control. This solution intelligently reshapes traffic dynamics, offering a more responsive and data-driven approach to enhance situational awareness and traffic management. Key innovations in the solution included: Hikvision's radar-video fusion camerasThese combine the range perception of radar with the visual perception of video. The 4 MP Radar and Video Vehicle Detector, for example, helps to enhance road safety by providing early warning of potential hazards in challenging situations such as blind spots at intersections and obstacles outside the visual range. Hikvision's All-In-One Traffic SpotterThis stands out with its multifaceted design incorporating video, radar, and lighting technologies for heightened traffic violation detection. Its streamlined column design facilitates effortless installation. Hikvision's Radar-Linked PTZ Camera This ensures consistent performance in adverse weather and lightening conditions, and minimizes false alarms with advanced deep-learning algorithms. Hikvision redefines urban mobility with AIoT-powered solutions at Intertraffic 2024 Innovating parking management Hikvision also introduced its parking management solutions. These combine extremely precise license plate recognition and intelligent barrier controls incorporating highly accurate radar sensors. This comprehensive approach enhances security, reduces the need for manual intervention, and streamlines traffic flow across parking areas. The Global Shutter CMOS* (GMOS) ANPR camera was a new addition to the lineup. Designed to seamlessly blend in the environment, it is tailored for the task of discreetly capturing license plates at parking facilities that prioritize subtlety. Advancing public transportation safety and efficiency Attendees also had the opportunity to explore Hikvision's latest public transport solutions, integrating AI-driven analytics with advanced video security, on-site voice broadcasting, and centralized management for enhanced onboard security, improved passenger experience, and operational efficiency for buses and taxis. This included the Four-way monitoring system and the Panoramic Auxiliary System, both designed to reduce blind spots and provide high-definition imaging to improve driving safety. "As ever, we are continually expanding our suite of technologies to enhance traffic safety and efficiency," said Nick Wu, Project Product Director at Hikvision Europe. "Our commitment lies in minimizing the need for extensive roadside installations by incorporating comprehensive perception and robust AI within unified device frameworks. These innovations automate and streamline every aspect of traffic management, from violation detection to traffic flow monitoring, driving safety, and parking management." To find out more about Hikvision's urban mobility products and solutions, please explore its official website. Note: CMOS stands for Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor.
HONG KONG, April 26, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- The University of Hong Kong (HKU) held the HKU Entrance Scholarships Award Ceremony on April 19 (Friday) to recognise outstanding academic and non-academic achievements of students admitted to the University in the 2023-24 academic year. This year, more than 430 students admitted from Hong Kong and about 40 countries or regions were awarded, with a total scholarship amount of nearly HK$46 million contributed by donors, the HKSAR government, and the University. The Acting President of HKU, Professor Richard Wong, gave an opening remark at the Ceremony. He said: "As one of the leading universities in Asia and the world, HKU believes in nurturing and empowering individuals who possess not only intellectual brilliance but also the passion to make a positive impact on society. Today, we celebrate not only students' academic achievements but also their potential to become the leaders who will shape the future of our world. We will continue to provide our students with a world-class education that will empower them to become the leaders and change-makers of tomorrow." Benefactors of the 'Hon Ping Entrance Scholarship for Nigerian Students', 'Hong Kong Jockey Club Chairman's Scholarship' and 'Hong Kong Jockey Club Striding On Scholarship', 'Lee Shau Kee Scholarships' and 'Lee Shau Kee Top Athletes Scholarship', 'M. W. Lo Memorial Scholarships for Outstanding Mainland Students', and 'Rosita King Ho Scholarship', as well as Professor Ian Holliday, Vice-President and Pro-Vice-Chancellor (Teaching and Learning), were also among the guests of honour and presented awards to the students. Representatives from ten Consulates-General attended the event to extend their warm wishes to the student awardees from their respective countries or regions. Representatives from 20 local secondary schools were also present to celebrate with their former students. The students awarded have excelled in a variety of fields. They included 22 President's Scholars. Other scholarships awarded include the 'Hong Kong Jockey Club Chairman's Scholarship', for students with exceptional academic achievements; the 'Lee Shau Kee Top Athletes Scholarship' for outstanding young athletes admitted to HKU through the 'Top Athletes Direct Admission Scheme'; and the 'Belt and Road Scholarship', which recognises outstanding students coming from the Belt and Road countries. In addition to expressing their happiness at receiving the scholarships, the awardees are also looking forward to their university life and future career endeavours. Penelope Septier, who received an HKU Undergraduate Entrance Scholarship for Outstanding Academic Talents, is currently pursuing a Bachelor of Social Sciences degree at HKU as part of her dual degree programme with the French university Sciences Po. Penelope was grateful to both institutions for their close partnerships which encourage the East-West cultural collaborations and highlighted HKU's role in fostering knowledge exchange and providing rich academic resources. She also shared her experience interning at a local NGO specialising in human trafficking law, which allowed her to apply her learnings from her Psychology and Criminology at HKU, paving the way for her future career in international criminal law. Receiving the Hong Kong Jockey Club Striding On Scholarship, Carina Cheung Ting Ting, who is studying for a Bachelor of Science degree, thanked the scholarship donors for providing financial stability and enabling her to pursue her passion as a nutritionist. The scholarship aims to recognise students who have achieved excellence while demonstrating resilience and strength of mind to overcome adversities or challenges in life and support these students' undergraduate studies in Hong Kong. Carina emphasized her participation in various volunteer projects and the scholarship's role in allowing her to attend a summer school programme at another prestigious university. Rocky Gu Lok Hei, an HKU Undergraduate Entrance Scholarship for President's Scholars recipient pursuing a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery degree, shared his experiences in anatomy dissection classes and his commitment to advancing the medical field through research and innovation. For media enquiries, please contact: Communication and Public Affairs Office, HKUMs Melanie Wan (Tel: 2859 2600 / Email: melwkwan@hku.hk)Ms Jaymee Ng (Tel: 3910 3612 / Email: ngjaymee@hku.hk)Mr Kenneth Choi (Tel: 3917 2607 / Email: khkchoi@hku.hk)
