1. Introduction of optical moduleAs an important part of fiber optic communication, optical module is an optoelectronic device that realizes the function of photoelectric conversion and electro-optical conversion. To be precise, optical module is the general name of several types of modules, including optical transmitting module transmitter, optical receiving module receiver, optical transceiver module transmitter and optical forwarding module transmitter. Generally, the optical module we call generally refers to the integrated optical transceiver module, namely, optical transceiver. ① Working principle of optical transceiver Optical transceiver works in the physical layer of OSI model and is one of the core devices in optical fiber communication system. It is mainly composed of optoelectronic devices (optical transmitter, optical receiver), functional circuit and optical (Electrical) interface. Components of an optical transceiver Basic principle: the transmitting interface inputs an electrical signal with a certain code rate. After being processed by the internal driving chip, the driving semiconductor laser (LD) or light emitting diode (LED) emits a modulated optical signal with a corresponding rate. After being transmitted through the optical fiber, the receiving interface converts the optical signal from the optical detection diode into an electrical signal, After passing through the preamplifier, the electrical signal of the corresponding code rate is output. ② Key parameters of optical transceiver The key technical indicators of the optical transceiver mainly include: transmitting optical power, receiving optical power, overload optical power, maximum receiving sensitivity and extinction ratio. A. Transmitting optical power: refers to the optical power output by the light source at the transmitting end of the optical module under normal working conditions, which can be understood as the intensity of light, and the unit is w or MW or DBM. Where w or MW is the linear unit and DBM is the logarithmic unit. In communication, we usually use DBM to represent optical power, and the optical power of 0dbm corresponds to 1MW.B. Receiving optical power: refers to the average optical power range that can be received by the receiving end component under the condition of a certain bit error rate (BER = 10-12). The upper limit value is the overload optical power, and the lower limit value is the maximum value of reception sensitivity.C. Overload optical power: also known as saturated optical power, it refers to the maximum input average optical power that can be received by the receiver component when a certain bit error rate (BER = 10-12) is maintained at a certain transmission rate (unit: DBM). It should be noted that the photocurrent saturation of the photodetector will occur under strong light irradiation. Therefore, strong light irradiation should be avoided as far as possible to prevent exceeding the saturated light power.D. Receiving sensitivity: refers to the minimum average input optical power that can be received by the receiving end component when a certain bit error rate (BER = 10-12) is maintained at a certain transmission rate (unit: DBM). Generally, the higher the rate, the worse the reception sensitivity, that is, the greater the minimum received optical power, and the higher the requirements for the receiving devices of the optical transceiver.E. Extinction ratio (EXT): it is one of the important parameters used to measure the quality of optical modules. It refers to the ratio of the optical power P1 (when the laser emits all "1" codes) to P0 (when the laser emits all "0" codes) under the condition of full modulation, and the unit is dB. It is not that the greater the extinction ratio, the better the quality of the optical module, but that the optical module with an extinction ratio can meet the IEEE 802.3 standard is the better. ③ Example of optical transceiver information on the switch: Cisco switch interface optical transceiver information: Huawei switch interface optical transceiver information:2. Classification and packaging(form-factor) of optical transceivers ① Transmission rate: The current common types of optical modules are as follows:400GE optical module200GE optical module100GE optical module40GE optical module25GE Optical Module10GE Optical ModuleGE Optical ModuleFE Optical Module ② Form-factors: The higher the transmission rate, the more complex the structure, resulting in form-factors. For example, SFP/eSFP, SFP+, SFP28, QSFP+, CXP, CFP, QSFP28, etc. l SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: small pluggable SFP module supports LC fiber connector.l SFP + (Small Form-factor Pluggable plus) optical module: refers to the SFP module with increased rate. Because of the increased rate, it is sensitive to EMI and smaller than the SFP module.l XFP (10GB Small Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: "X" is the abbreviation of Roman numeral 10. All XFP modules are 10GE optical modules. The XFP optical module supports LC optical fiber connectors. Compared with SFP + optical module, XFP optical module is wider and longer in size.l SFP28 (Small Form-factor Pluggable 28) optical module: the interface package size is the same as that of SFP +, and supports 25G SFP28 optical module and 10G SFP + optical module.l QSFP+ (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: four channel small hot pluggable optical module. QSFP + optical module supports MPO optical fiber connector, which is larger than SFP + optical module. Fiber Mall 40G QSFP+ Optical Transceivers l CXP (120 GB/s Extended Capability Form-factor Pluggable) optical module: it is a hot-pluggable high-density parallel optical module standard. It provides 12 channels in the transmit and receive (TX / Rx) directions. It is only applicable to short-range multimode links.l CFP (CENTUM Form-factor pluggable) optical module: the size is defined as 144.75mm × 82mm × 13.6mm, which is a new optical module standard with high speed, hot-pluggable and supporting two applications of data communication and telecommunication transmission.l QSFP28 (Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable 28) optical module: the interface package size is the same as QSFP+, and supports 100G QSFP28 optical module and 40G QSFP+ optical module. ③ Single-mode or muti-mode? The optical fiber is divided into single-mode optical fiber and multi-mode optical fiber. The single-mode optical module is used together with the single-mode optical fiber. The single-mode optical fiber has wide transmission frequency bandwidth and large transmission capacity, which is suitable for long-distance transmission; The multi-mode optical module is used together with multi-mode optical fiber, and multi-mode optical fiber has mode dispersion defect, and its transmission performance is worse than that of single-mode optical fiber, but the cost is low. Therefore, it is suitable for small capacity and short-distance transmission. ④ Wavelength The central wavelength refers to the waveband used for optical signal transmission. At present, there are three kinds of common central wavelengths: 850nm, 1310nm and 1550nm.850nm: mostly used for short distance transmission (≤ 2km)1310nm and 1550nm: mostly used for medium and long distance transmission (>2km) ⑤ Transmission distance According to the different transmission distance of optical module, it can be divided into:Short distance optical module: ≤ 2kmMedium distance optical module, 10 ~ 20kmLong distance optical module: ≥30km.The transmission distance of optical modules is limited mainly because of the loss and dispersion of optical signals during fiber transmission. ⑥ Photoelectric module The photoelectric module is usually called electric port module or RJ45 SFP module. Unlike the optical module, the electric port module does not carry out photoelectric conversion. Through the switching of the electric module, the two optical interfaces can be connected with a network cable.RJ45 Copper SFP Module 3. Development and evolution of optical transceiversIn the current physical architecture network of mainstream data centers, Spine-Leaf (Clos network architecture) architecture is commonly followed. Usually 10GE interface is used as the access side server docking, and 40GE interface is commonly used for the uplink on the Leaf side. In large data centers, it has been common to use 25G as the mainstream access and 100G uplink. In scenarios requiring high computation and high bandwidth, GPU servers have been using 100GE and even 200GE access. Data center switch interconnects are evolving to large-scale 400GE interconnects.The development of Ethernet has undergone rapid changes from 1Mbit/s, 10Mbit/s, 100Mbit/s (FE), 1Gbit/s (GE), 10Gbit/s (10GE) to 40Gbit/s (40GE), 100Gbit\s (100GE), and with the rapid development of big data, smart cities, mobile Internet, cloud computing, network traffic has shown exponential growth. The thirst for continuous growth of bandwidth will require higher bandwidth rates, and optical modules will develop rapidly.
Fiber Optic Transceivers Optical Module Fiber Optic 2671 81 07/29/21RECENT POSTS
ANYANG, South Korea, April 29, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Vieworks, a leading provider of industrial cameras, is set to introduce its latest series at Automate 2024 in McCormick Place, Chicago (Booth 314, May 6th – 9th). Vieworks will be showcasing a broad selection of industrial cameras and industrial lenses as well as machine vision accessories. VT Sense Series With a wide range of resolution from 0.4 megapixels to 604 megapixels, Vieworks' area scan cameras are well-suited for diverse applications. The latest VZ Series is a family of light and compact cameras with GigE and USB 3.0 interfaces, ideal for automated inspections. Vieworks' TDI (time delayed integration) line scan cameras boast exceptionally high sensitivity by employing up to 256 stages in integration. Available in M42, M58, M72, and M95 mounts from 2k to 23k resolution, Vieworks' TDI line scan cameras are suitable for various line scan inspection. The latest in the Vieworks' TDI line scan camera lineup, the VT Sense Series is equipped with BSI (back-side illuminated) sensors for even higher sensitivity. Its unmatched sensitivity in company with excellent quantum efficiency (QE) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the VT Sense ensures superior image quality in visible, UV (ultraviolet), and NIR (near-infrared) imaging. The high sensitivity VT Sense Series demonstrates remarkably high performance in low-light environments. Accompanying industrial cameras, Vieworks' VEO Series lenses will be showcased at the exhibition. VEO Series is a family of industrial lenses codeveloped with Schneider Kreuznach, precisely designed to bring out the best of Vieworks' cameras. As expressed by a Vieworks spokesperson, "We are more than excited to bring our all-new VT Sense Series to Automate and hear what our customers have to say. This year, Vieworks will continue with our efforts on being our customers' vision partner and delivering the vision solution to suit their needs." Returning to Chicago after a five-year absence, North America's largest robotics show Automate anticipates record-breaking attendance as the show host Association for Advancing Automation (A3) celebrates its 50th anniversary. About Vieworks Co., Ltd. With industry-leading technology, Vieworks provides machine vision solutions encompassing industrial cameras, industrial lenses, and machine vision accessories. As your vision partner, Vieworks offers innovative vision and insight for your vision system. For more information, please visit vision.vieworks.com
SINGAPORE, April 29, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- As Labour Day approaches, the global workforce eagerly anticipates a well-deserved respite from the daily grind, seeking solace and excitement in a variety of destinations across the globe. Celebrated as May Day in many regions, this holiday offers a precious opportunity for workers to unwind and explore, with some enjoying an extended break spanning several days. According to Trip.com Group's latest data, Asia is the hottest travel destination during this period among travellers worldwide, with cities such as Tokyo, Bangkok, Hong Kong, Seoul and Taipei leading the pack in holiday momentum. China, one of the biggest travel markets during the Labour Day holiday unfolding from May 1st to 5th, also saw a rise in outbound travel bookings. Chinese travellers set their sights on overseas destinations such as Japan and Korea, fuelled by the photo-worthy cherry blossom season which persists in areas such as Hokkaido in May. China's domestic tourism also saw a boom with majestic sites such as the "Avatar" mountains of Zhang Jia Jie and Dajue Mountain set to draw crowds. In Southeast Asia, island paradises like Hon Thom Island in Vietnam, Similan Island in Thailand and Mabul Island in Malaysia beckoned travellers with their pristine beaches and crystal-clear waters. Adventure tourism also saw a rise in bookings. Travellers were keen to explore beautiful ruins and waterfalls in Laos such as the Vat Phou temple and Kuang Si waterfall, or active volcanos in Indonesia like Mount Bromo. Singapore, meanwhile, saw travellers heading for exhilarating experiences such as the amphibious DUKWTM Tours and thrilling Skyline Luge. Japan was also another key region which saw a remarkable rise in travel bookings, with the early May period coinciding with its Golden Week holiday from April 29th to May 5th. Golden Week marks one of the nation's most significant holidays, and globetrotters took advantage of the break to visit destinations such as Korea, Japan and Thailand. Domestic travellers were found making a beeline for Tokyo, Osaka and Fukuoka, with attractions in nature gaining favour: Mother Farm, a charming ranch destination, and Huis Ten Bosch, a Dutch village town with a sea of flowers, were among the top booked attractions. As for Korea, Seogwipo city and Udo island in Jeju were favourites among travellers, who also visited conventionally popular cities such as Seoul and Busan. They were found enjoying the sunset from beach train rides, or opting for experiential shows such as kitchen performance art and even ladies-only shows. In Europe, Germany and Italy stood out with a triple-fold increase in travellers compared to the same period in the previous year. Historic castles, palaces and cathedrals were a favourite: Neuschwanstein Castle, Nymphenburg Palace, Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Flower and Milan Cathedral were among the top-ranked attractions. Labour Day holiday: A time for culture, family fun and hidden gems Labour Day also saw a diverse array of travel trends emerging, reflecting the evolving preferences of holidaymakers worldwide. Cultural and historical tourism took centre stage as travellers favoured iconic landmarks such as the Winter Palace in Saint Petersberg, the Louvre Museum in Paris, and the Acropolis of Athens, immersing themselves in the rich history, architecture, and heritage of these revered destinations. For families and thrill-seekers alike, theme parks and entertainment hubs emerged as hotspots for holiday fun, with Universal Studios Singapore, Tokyo DisneySea, and Disneyland Paris captivating visitors with a mix of rides, shows, and immersive experiences. Unique destinations like Giethoorn, a fairytale village in the Netherlands, and the Chocolate Hills in the Philippines, also rose in popularity, offering travellers off-the-beaten-path experiences and picturesque landscapes that promise to leave a lasting impression. There's a collective recognition that after months of hard work, Labour Day presents a well-deserved opportunity for workers to unwind and recharge. And what better way to rejuvenate the mind, body, and soul than through the transformative power of travel?
SHENZHEN, China, April 29, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Huawei will launch a new self-developed painting app for tablets called GoPaint. Huawei's official account also kicked off the warm-up of the GoPaint app and noted "Creation begins here! The powerful-ever Huawei-developed app GoPaint is coming, see you on 7 May! " According to sources, the app comes equipped a wealth of brushes, and brings the easy-to-use features for painting. Huawei Unveils GoPaint, a Brand-new Self-developed Painting App on May 7, Bringing the Fun of Creation to the Masses As the industry's first smart device vendor to launch a self-developed painting app, Huawei has gained insights into consumers' creation needs. Adhering to the core concept of "Creation of Beauty", Huawei hopes to promote user experience through technological innovation and enable everyone to enjoy the fun of creation. Since Huawei launched the GoPaint Worldwide Creating Activity in 2023, it has gained wide participation from creators around the world. To provide more users with a pleasant artistic creation experience, Huawei has developed and launched the professional and easy-to-use GoPaint app, which further strengthens the appeal of Huawei tablets in the creative field and enhances the drawing and creation experience of Huawei tablets. Thanks to its ten years of experience in the tablet market, Huawei has accumulated strong hardware technical strength and industry-leading self-developed tablet technologies. It has launched a number of products favoured by users, including HUAWEI MatePad Pro 13.2", which features an industry's first large flexible OLED display and works in tandem with the HUAWEI M-Pencil (3rd generation) powered by NearLink to provide 10,000+ pressure sensing levels. With the integration of this app and innovative hardware-software architecture, Huawei aims to establish a creation realm with powerful software and hardware capabilities and fantastic events, paving the way as a trailblazer in the world of creation. Huawei Unveils GoPaint, a Brand-new Self-developed Painting App on May 7, Bringing the Fun of Creation to the Masses Huawei will release the GoPaint app at the HUAWEI Innovative Product Launch on May 7. This app will bring a series of powerful painting tools. It is worth mentioning that Huawei has also worked with a top art team to develop this app, bringing a wealth of brushes, and a variety of smart and convenient painting tools. The app is very friendly to beginners, thanks to a full set of tutorials, so that users can gradually master advanced painting skills in practice. What other surprises will GoPaint bring? On May 7, let's wait and see.
SHANGHAI, April 29, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Angel Yeast, (SH600298), the world's leading yeast manufacturer, has released its 2023 CSR Report (the "Report"). The Report highlights the company's mission and vision, advancements in international expansion, intelligent and digital strategies, patent development, social responsibility efforts, and initiatives for employee growth and development. Angel Yeast Publishes 2023 Corporate Social Responsibility Report The Report details Angel Yeast's pursuit of balanced and harmonious development with the employees, society, and nature, and its unremitting efforts to fulfill social responsibilities and giving back to society with concrete actions. Leading sustainable development to build a greener future In 2023, Angel Yeast continued to promote cleaner production and lowered all energy consumption and pollutant emission indicators – its comprehensive energy consumption per unit of product has decreased by 0.9 percent year-on-year, while cutting 190,100 tons of carbon through various actions. The group has increased investment into environmental protection and optimized existing treatment facilities, with the full installation of energy-saving equipment and implementation of energy conservation technologies, as well as waste heat and pressure recovery, it has achieved energy-saving and carbon reduction goals. Angel Yeast is actively monitoring its environmental impact by employing manual lab testing, commissioned monitoring, and online methods to track wastewater, exhaust gas, and noise emissions. The company places a high priority on employee safety and well-being, conducting 1,623 safety training sessions for 104,481 attendees and 609 emergency drills involving 22,313 participants in 2023. Additionally, Angel Yeast is committed to social welfare, demonstrated by passing the ECOVADIS social responsibility accreditation in December 2023. Promoting a healthy lifestyle with technology and innovation In 2023, Angel Yeast invested 603 million yuan (USD 83.31 million) in R&D, marking a 12.5% increase from the previous year. The company applied for 1,367 patents across various fields, holding 159 valid invention patents in China and 106 overseas, alongside 180 utility models and 58 design patents. Technological advancements in yeast strain selection, high-efficiency fermentation, and complex enzymatic digestion enabled a 20% reduction in salt usage. "We cannot grow the company without social responsibility. Angel Yeast will continue to uphold the mission to develop biotechnology and innovate through delivering high-quality products and services, creating greater values for our customers, and giving back to society through public welfare programs," said Xiao Minghua GM of Angel Yeast. For more information, please visit: https://en.angelyeast.com/upload/files/2024/2023-angel-yeast-csr-report.pdf
