After years of development, 100G applications have formed a variety of technology types and alliances, whether it is the standardized ieee802.3bm or the 100G application model launched by SWDM, MSA and other organizations. There are many kinds of interfaces and application technologies supporting 100G, and each has its own characteristics. For the practical application of the data center, the distance between the connection points of most data centers does not exceed 500 meters. From a large number of 100G interface models, we have selected four types that are most likely to be used in data centers for further analysis for users who need to deploy 100G for reference. 1. 100GBase-SR4 100GBase-SR4 complies with the new standard ieee802.3bm issued in 2015. It uses 4 channels composed of 8-core multimode fiber for parallel transmission. Both multimode OM3 and OM4 optical fibers support 100G applications. The interface adopts 12 core MPO interface. The middle four core optical fiber does not need to be used. Each channel supports 25G. The transmission model is completely consistent with 100GBase-SR4 in ieee802.3ba. The optical transceiver adopts 100G QSFP28 SR4. This model can use conventional OM3 and OM4 multimode optical fibers to support 70m and 100m distances of 100G applications respectively. 2. 100GBase-SWDM4 SWDM (Short Wavelength Division Multiplexing) transmits four wavelength bands of optical signals over a single core of multimode fiber. The principle of WDM is similar to CWDM on single-mode, but SWDM is the first application of WDM technology on the short wavelength band of multimode fiber. It can be referred to the transmission principle model in the following figure: The main transmission window of traditional OM3 and OM4 multimode fiber is defined at 850nm. If SWDM technology is adopted, four windows are required to transmit optical signals, and the four wavebands still use VCSEL vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with high cost performance. In order to improve the overall bandwidth, the bandwidth of the new generation multimode fiber WBMMF(Wideband Multimode Fiber) is increased. In WBMMF, the highest bandwidth performance is around 880nm band, and the highest bandwidth point is higher than that of traditional OM4 multimode fiber. The SWDM technology can also use OM4 optical fiber as the transmission medium, but the transmission distance should be reduced accordingly. Compared with the SR4 model, SWDM4 requires only 25% of the optical fiber.3. 100GBase-PSM4 100GBase-PSM4 adopts single-mode optical fiber parallel transmission mode. Each 100G model adopts 8-core single-mode optical fiber to form four independent channels. The interface adopts 12 core MPO interface, in which the middle 4-core optical fiber of MPO interface is not enabled, and each channel supports 25G. The optical fiber transmission model is similar to 100GBase-SR4. The biggest difference is that PSM4 adopts single-mode optical fiber as the transmission medium and laser light source 1310 window. The optical transceiver also adopts QSFP28, and the connector adopts MTP / MPO single-mode APC. At present, 100GBase PSM4 has not been recognized by IEEE standardization organization, and is mainly promoted by PSM4 MSA alliance. 4. 100GBase-CWDM4 100GBase-CWDM4 is a 100G transmission model based on single-mode coarse wavelength division multiplexing(CWDM) technology. The fiber optic transceiver uses a single-mode laser light source with LC duplex interface, and supports four long wavelength bands of signal transmission on each core fiber, these four emission windows are 1271nm,1291nm,1311nm,1331nm, and each band transmits 25G. 100GBase-CWDM4 model is also used QSFP28 optical transceiver.Compare to traditional single-mode 10KM transceiver with high cost, the 2KM QSFP28 100G CWDM4 transceiver has a competitive price. 5. Summary Different types of data centers determine different needs. Not all data center users currently have the need to deploy 100G, so what types of users need to deploy 100G networks the most? To answer this question, we can divide data centers into two major categories, IDC (Internet Data Center) and EDC (Enterprise Data Center). Relatively speaking, some IDC data centers have more urgency to deploy 100G backbone networks, such as the data centers of large interconnection companies or carriers or some scaled cloud computing data centers. In terms of current price, although the wiring cost of multi-mode 100G based on SR4 is relatively high, the overall price has certain advantages, especially the price of SR4 optical transceiver is significantly lower than that of other types. Meanwhile, the price of optical transceiver based on CWDM single-mode is significantly higher than that of the other three types. The overall price difference between PSM4 and SWDM is small. As the SWDM alliance participated by a small number of optical transceiver manufacturers, it is not a public technology at present, and the market price remains relatively high temporarily. However, from the perspective of technology and cost composition, there is still a large room for price decline of SWDM, and this product has a certain market potential in the future.
Optical Transceiver QSFP28 100G QSFP28 3392 101 07/29/21RECENT POSTS
WUHU, China, Oct. 21, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- On October 17, at the 2025 Chery International User Summit, LEPAS marked two key milestones the launch of its first LEPAS Elegant Lifestyle House and the global debut of LEPAS Elegant Technology, reinforcing its positioning as the "Preferred Brand for Elegant Mobility Life". LEPAS Opens Its First Elegant Lifestyle House, Globally Launches LEPAS Elegant Technology Designed as a miniature urban block, the LEPAS Elegant Lifestyle House breaks the mold of traditional auto showrooms. It houses three themed zones LEPAS Space (featuring flagship model LEPAS L8), Time Café (showcasing LEPAS L6), and Memory Lane (displaying LEPAS L4). Serving as a multifunctional hub for brand livestreams, user engagement activities and media interactions, it also provides a replicable model for global dealerships and supports user co-creation. From car, neighborhood to lifestyle philosophy, LEPAS redefines mobility and living boundaries in the new energy era. LEPAS Elegant Lifestyle House is more than an exhibition—it's a living vision, inviting elegant explorers to find their unique elegance here. LEPAS CEO Zhai Xiaobing emphasized that LEPAS is an independent new-energy brand developed by Chery Group leveraging its core resources. LEPAS Elegant Technology integrates a forward-engineered platform, advanced three-electric technologies and an intelligent cockpit to define "Elegant Driving". In the next three years, LEPAS will launch 8 new models, including SUVs and Sedans, covering all major segments. Notably, Chery's Ecosystem Exhibition at the summit featured lifestyle products such as sunshades and pet kits. Meanwhile, Chery's AiMOGA robot acting as a "Human Assistant" demonstrated multi-scenario applications jointly highlighting Chery Group's integrated innovation alongside eco-partners like LEPAS.
SHANGHAI, Oct. 21, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- China's leading multi-brand beauty group JOY GROUP (Shanghai Juyi Cosmetics Co., Ltd.) has announced the completion of its acquisition of Foltène, a dermatological hair care brand from Italy. Products of Foltène Founded in Milan in 1944 by pharmaceutical researchers, Foltène is renowned for its scientific heritage and pioneering innovation. The brand developed two proprietary active complexes, Tricosaccaride® and Tricalgoxyl®, which are clinically proven to promote thicker, fuller, and healthier-looking hair. Foltène's core product portfolio focuses on the healthy growth and repair of hair and keratin, covering a wide range of categories including anti-hair loss ampoules, gender-specific anti-hair loss shampoos, eyebrow and eyelash serums, and nail repair essences. Backed by rigorous scientific research and clinical trials, Foltène's products are recognized by leading research institutions worldwide. Today, the brand is sold in 30+ countries, trusted and loved by consumers globally. This acquisition represents a full global acquisition of Foltène's brand business, covering its brand assets, global distribution network, supply chain system, and research laboratory located in Italy. Allan Liu, Chairman and CEO of JOY GROUP, stated: "As awareness of scalp and hair health continues to rise, we see immense growth opportunities ahead. With its solid scientific heritage, leading proprietary technologies, and comprehensive product portfolio, Foltène has earned the trust and recognition of consumers across the globe. We are truly honored to welcome Foltène into the JOY GROUP family. This acquisition enhances our footprint in the hair and scalp care sector and enables us to bring advanced, science-backed solutions to more consumers." This acquisition marks another milestone in JOY GROUP's "multi-brand, multi-category, and international" strategy, completing a comprehensive portfolio that spans color cosmetics, hair and scalp care, and dermatological skincare. The addition of Foltène will generate strong synergies with the Group's existing brands, driving JOY GROUP's continued growth and innovation in the global beauty market. About JOY GROUP JOY GROUP is a multi-brand beauty company driven by the mission to "Create a world of beauty that brings joy to everyone." Our portfolio includes: JUDYDOLL, JOOCYEE, Biophyto genesis, René Furterer (China business), and Foltène, spanning color cosmetics, dermatological skincare, and hair and scalp care. We also operate our own R&I center and cosmetics manufacturing facility, bringing together top talent across disciplines to build an integrated, agile, and responsive end-to-end supply chain. To learn more about JOY GROUP, visit www.joy-group.com
7th Shanghai International Artwork Trade Week Set to Open SHANGHAI, Oct. 21, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Grab a coffee, take a stroll — and you might just find yourself surrounded by art. From November 13 to 17, 2025, the 7th Shanghai International Artwork Trade Week will return under the theme "Global Art in Shanghai • Living with Art." This year's edition will feature over a hundred art events, including fairs, auctions, and gallery showcases, illuminating four of Shanghai's most iconic districts: the Bund, West Bund, Suhe Bay, and Pudong. In conjunction with the city's Art Season and Arts Festival, the week will also debut new initiatives including the Art Consumption Hub, a city-wide art-lifestyle experience space designed to bring art into everyday encounters; the ARTRA immersive cross-disciplinary arts program that bridges visual and performing arts; and the Magnolia Select curated art tours highlighting premium art destinations across the city. Drawing on global art resources and deepening the synergy across culture, tourism, commerce, and exhibitions, the event aims to further Shanghai's ambition to become a world-class art trading center with a market volume approaching hundreds of billions of yuan.
BEIJING, Oct. 21, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- When 2025 North Bund Forum opened Sunday, Shanghai caught much attention from global attendees with its endeavors to build more green shipping corridors with overseas partners. Currently, the green shipping corridors built together with several European and American ports are advancing intensive application of emission-reduction technologies and multiple-party participation to establish a testing field for global shipping industry transformation. For instance, Shanghai port is co-founding a green ro-ro shipping corridor together with port of Barcelona in Spain and port of Antwerp-Bruges in Belgium. Other Chinese ports are building similar green shipping corridors with German and French ports. After a year-long operation, the "Shanghai-Hamburg green shipping corridor" unveiled in 2024, has forged ahead in sustainable development. Apart from the regular shore power service, Shanghai port's container berths can now refuel LNG and green methanol, while Hamburg port's berths with 100 percent green shore power service plans to start methanol injection service this year, ready to co-craft an emission-reduction model for Eurasian shipping routes. Between ports of Shanghai and Hamburg, two regular shipping lines that meet requirements of the IMO carbon intensity indicator have been operated by COSCO Shipping Lines to proactively practice low-carbon shipping. Against the backdrop of increasingly trending low-carbon development philosophy, more upstream and downstream institutions joined construction of the green shipping corridor, including Det Norske Veritas, China Classification Society, and Maritime Technology Cooperation Center, Asia. Prior to the corridor, another one between Shanghai port and ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach that kicked off in 2022 made new progress in the past year, including 100-percent shore power coverage, deployment of ships with full life-circle low-carbon emission and more injection services of clean marine fuels. At the forum, an international green shipping corridor cooperation initiative was released, proposing to foster low-carbon vessel development, build zero-carbon ports, improve green fuel supply and share related best practices to jointly establish the "transoceanic zero-carbon bridges". Shanghai Municipal Transportation Commission and the operator of Melbourne port also issued a joint green shipping corridor initiative, vowing to focus on decarbonization transformation and ecology friendly practices such as use of clean technology and renewable resources to maximumly cut the ecological footprint of shipping activities. Original link: https://en.imsilkroad.com/p/347958.html
