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1. Product Definition
Deformed steel bar, fully named Hot-rolled Ribbed Bar (HRB), is a round steel bar with longitudinal and transverse raised ribs on the surface. The crescent-shaped ribs greatly enhance the bonding force with concrete and prevent steel bar slippage. It is widely used for stress-bearing parts of reinforced concrete structures.
2. Executive Standards
- National Standard: GB/T 1499.2-2024 Steel for the Reinforcement of Concrete – Part 2: Hot-rolled Ribbed Bars
- Seismic Special Grade: HRB400E, HRB500E (The letter "E" stands for earthquake resistance, complying with special seismic performance indicators)
3. Strength Grades and Grades
Steel Grade |
Yield Strength (MPa) |
Tensile Strength (MPa) |
Characteristics & Applications |
HRB335 (Grade 2 Steel) |
≥335 |
≥455 |
Moderate toughness, applied to small-scale buildings and civil residential buildings |
HRB400 (Grade 3 Steel) |
≥400 |
≥540 |
Optimal comprehensive performance, widely used in high-rise & civil buildings, municipal engineering and bridges (most commonly used type) |
HRB400E (Seismic Grade 3 Steel) |
≥400 |
≥540 |
Excellent seismic performance, adopted for key projects in earthquake-prone areas |
HRB500 (Grade 4 Steel) |
≥500 |
≥630 |
High strength and bearing capacity, suitable for super high-rise buildings, heavy-duty factories and large-scale bridges |
HRB500E (Seismic Grade 4 Steel) |
≥500 |
≥630 |
High-level seismic resistance, used for core load-bearing structures in high-intensity earthquake areas |
4. Specification Parameters (Nominal Diameter)
- Common Diameters: Φ12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25, 28, 32, 36, 40mm
- Standard Length: 9m, 12m (customizable from 6m to 15m)
- Theoretical Weight (kg/m): Φ12=0.888; Φ16=1.58; Φ20=2.47; Φ25=3.85; Φ32=6.31; Φ40=9.86
5. Material & Chemical Composition (Typical Value, %)
- Raw Material: Carbon structural steel / low-alloy structural steel (e.g., 20MnSi, 20MnSiV)
- Reference Composition of HRB400E: C 0.20–0.25; Si 0.40–0.70; Mn 1.20–1.60; Trace V/Nb/Ti; P≤0.045; S≤0.045
6. Production Process
1. Steelmaking: Molten iron is smelted via converter or electric furnace, with chemical composition adjusted to produce qualified steel billets.
2. Hot Rolling: Steel billets are heated to 1100–1250℃, then formed through rough rolling, intermediate rolling and finish rolling, with rib patterns rolled synchronously.
3. Cooling & Finishing: Air cooling or water penetration cooling, fixed-length shearing, quality inspection, bundling and marking.
7. Mechanical Performance Requirements
- Yield Strength (Rel): HRB400≥400MPa; HRB500≥500MPa
- Tensile Strength (Rm): HRB400≥540MPa; HRB500≥630MPa
- Elongation after Fracture (A): ≥16% (HRB400); ≥15% (HRB500)
- Bending Performance: No cracks after 180° bending test; seismic steel bars shall meet the strength-yield ratio and yield-strength ratio standards.
8. Appearance Quality
- Surface Condition: No cracks, scabs, folds or inclusions; ribs are clear and uniform.
- Dimensional Tolerance: Diameter deviation ±0.4–±0.7mm; length deviation ±50mm.
- Marking: Each bundle is attached with a nameplate marked with steel grade, specification, standard number, batch number, manufacturer and production date; steel bars are embossed with grade and specification information.
9. Application Scope
- Construction Industry: Beams, columns, slabs, foundations and pile foundations of high-rise and civil residential buildings.
- Infrastructure: Bridges, tunnels, culverts, expressways, railways, airports and ports.
- Municipal Engineering: Water conservancy projects, flood control facilities, underground pipe galleries, large-scale venues and industrial factories.
10. Packaging, Storage & Delivery Cycle
- Packaging: Bundled delivery, 2–5 tons per bundle with no less than 3 binding straps; available in fixed-length bundles and wire rods (Φ6–10mm).
- Delivery Cycle: 5-7 days for delivery of conventional in-stock orders; delivery time for customized specifications shall be negotiated separately according to order quantity.
- Storage & Transportation: Store in dry and ventilated environment to prevent moisture and rust; avoid severe collision and bending; stack separately by specification and steel grade.
11. Quality Identification Key Points
1. Check Marks: Verify the nameplate and surface embossing to confirm steel grade, specification and standard.
2. Inspect Appearance: Ensure no surface defects with full and uniform ribs and compliant dimensions.
3. Verify Material: Request the quality certificate and check the chemical composition and mechanical performance data.
4. Weighing Inspection: Verify the theoretical weight by weighing; a deviation within ±5% is qualified.
12. Product Advantages
- Strong Adhesion: The ribbed design ensures tight occlusion with concrete forexcellent anchoring effect.
- High Strength: Yield strength ranges from 335 to 500MPa with superior bearing capacity and steel saving performance.
- Good Toughness: Excellent plasticity, weldability and seismic resistance for reliable structural safety.
- Convenient Construction: Support bending, welding and binding, adapting to various complex reinforcement scenarios.
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