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Help CenterSteel Pipe & Precision Steel Tube，Tube & GB/T 3639-2020、GB/T 8162、GB/T 8163、DIN 2391-2、ASTM A519、EN 10305-1
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Detailed Description of Precision Steel Tubes
1. Product Definition
Precision steel tubes are high-precision and high-surface-finish seamless steel tubes manufactured from high-quality carbon steel, alloy steel and stainless steel billets through multiple sophisticated processes including cold drawing, cold rolling, bright annealing, precision straightening and non-destructive testing. Featuring accurate dimensions, clean surface and stable performance, they are widely used for high-pressure service, precision assembly and complex mechanical processing.
2. Main Materials & Chemical Composition
2.1 Common Materials
Carbon Steel: 10#, 20#, 35#, 45# (Mainstream types with cost performance)
Alloy Steel: 16Mn(Q345B), 40Cr, 42CrMo, 20CrMo, 35CrMo (High strength and good wear resistance)
2.2 Typical Chemical Composition (wt%)
| Material | C | Si | Mn | S | P | Cr |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 20# | 0.17-0.23 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.35-0.65 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | - |
| 45# | 0.42-0.50 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.50-0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | - |
| 40Cr | 0.37-0.45 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.50-0.80 | ≤0.035 | ≤0.035 | 0.80-1.10 |
3. Specifications & Parameters (Customized Production)
3.1 Dimension Range
Outer Diameter: 6-120 mm (Small diameter as standard, customized up to 250 mm)
Wall Thickness: 1-20 mm (Heavy wall ≥6 mm, S/D ≥0.15)
Length: Random length (3-6 m), fixed length (tolerance ±5 mm), multiple length & equal length available
3.2 Precision Grades (GB/T 3639-2020)
| Precision Grade | OD Tolerance | Wall Thickness Tolerance | Surface Roughness Ra | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard Grade (D1/S1) | ±0.20 mm | ±10% | ≤1.6 μm | General structures, low-pressure fluid delivery |
| High Grade (D2/S2) | ±0.10 mm | ±8% | ≤0.8 μm | Hydraulic pipelines, mechanical parts |
| Ultra-precision Grade (D3/S3) | ±0.05 mm | ±5% | ≤0.4 μm (Min. 0.1 μm) | Hydraulic cylinders, servo valve spools, medical equipment |
3.3 Geometric Tolerance
Straightness: ≤0.2 mm/m
Concentricity: ≤0.03 mm
4. Production Process
Raw steel billet → Pickling & Derusting → Cold Drawing / Cold Rolling (Multi-pass diameter & wall reduction) → Bright Annealing (Protective atmosphere, no oxidation) → Precision Straightening → Non-destructive Testing (Eddy Current / Ultrasonic Test) → Precision Cleaning → Anti-rust Treatment → Packaging & Warehousing
5. Key Performance Characteristics
High Dimensional Accuracy: Tolerance up to ±0.05 mm, ready for direct assembly without secondary machining.
Superior Surface Finish: Free of oxide layer, cracks and pits on inner and outer walls; surface roughness Ra ≤0.4 μm to reduce fluid resistance, suitable for clean medium delivery.
Excellent Mechanical Properties: Tensile strength 550-800 MPa, elongation ≥15%. No deformation after cold bending, no cracks after flaring and flattening. Resist high pressure up to over 100 MPa with zero leakage.
Stable & Uniform Performance: Uniform metallographic structure after heat treatment, grain size ≥ Grade 8 with long fatigue life.
Custom Corrosion Resistance: Stainless steel material or surface treatments like electrolytic polishing and nitriding are available for chemical and marine environments.
6. Executive Standards
Chinese Standards: GB/T 3639-2020 (Precision Seamless Steel Tubes), GB/T 8162 (Structural Steel Tubes), GB/T 8163 (Fluid Steel Tubes)
International Standards: DIN 2391-2, ASTM A519, EN 10305-1
7. Application Fields
Hydraulic & Pneumatic Systems: Hydraulic cylinder barrels, air cylinder barrels, high-pressure tubing, servo valve sleeves.
Automotive Industry: Brake tubes, shock absorber tubes, steering sleeves, transmission shafts.
Precision Machinery: Machine tool spindle sleeves, bearing sleeves, guide pins and guide bushes.
Petrochemical Industry: High-pressure instrument tubes, corrosion-resistant delivery pipes.
Aerospace Industry: Hydraulic pipelines, fuel tubes (Light weight & high reliability).
Other Fields: Medical catheters, fitness equipment, food processing machinery.
8. Delivery Condition & Surface Treatment
Delivery Condition: Annealed (Soft state, easy for further processing), Cold bright finished (Hard state, high mechanical strength)
Surface Treatment: Anti-rust oil coating, pickling & passivation, electrolytic polishing, galvanizing and chromium plating (on request)
9. Packaging & Transportation
Packaging: Wrapped with plastic film and woven bags, bundled with steel straps, pipe ends sealed for dust prevention.
Storage & Transport: Keep dry and rust-proof; avoid collision and surface scratch. Store in dry and ventilated warehouse, keep away from corrosive substances.
10. Comparison with Ordinary Seamless Steel Tubes
| Items | Precision Steel Tube | Ordinary Seamless Steel Tube |
|---|---|---|
| Dimensional Accuracy | OD tolerance ±0.05~±0.20 mm | OD tolerance ±0.5~±1.0 mm |
| Surface Roughness | Ra ≤0.4~1.6 μm, no oxide layer | Ra ≥3.2 μm, with oxide scale |
| Mechanical Performance | Stable and uniform, suitable for high pressure | Unstable performance, only for low pressure |
| Machining Allowance | Nearly no allowance, direct assembly | Require turning & grinding, allowance 5-10 mm |
| Cost | Relatively high due to fine processing | Low (Mainly hot rolled) |
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