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Lubricated screw air compressors are the mainstream volumetric rotary air compressors in the industrial field. Their core mechanism relies on the rotation of a pair of meshed male and female rotors to achieve continuous, stable and efficient air compression. They are the "power source core" of modern industry.
I. Basic Definition and Classification
The full name of a screw air compressor is screw-type air compressor. It compresses gas through the rotation of a spiral groove rotor within the cylinder. It is divided into two main types:
Double screw type: The mainstream model, consisting of a pair of mutually meshing **male rotors (convex teeth) and female rotors (concave teeth)**. It has high efficiency and good stability and is the most widely used.
Single screw type: One screw rotor is combined with two star wheels. The structure is more compact, but its efficiency and durability are slightly inferior to that of double screw type.
II. Core Working Principle (Four-step Cycle)
The compression process of a double screw air compressor is continuous and stable, divided into four stages:
Suction: The rotor rotates, and the space in the tooth groove expands to form negative pressure. Air is drawn into the tooth groove through the intake valve and filter.
Sealing transportation: The rotor continues to rotate, and the tooth groove is disconnected from the intake port. The air is enclosed in a sealed chamber composed of the rotor, cylinder, and end cover, and moves towards the exhaust port.
Compression: The meshing point moves forward, and the volume of the sealed chamber continuously decreases. The air is compressed, and the pressure and temperature increase simultaneously (in oil-injected models, lubricating oil is sprayed simultaneously to achieve cooling, lubrication and sealing).
Exhaust: The compression chamber is connected to the exhaust port, and the compressed air at the set pressure is discharged and enters the post-treatment system.
III. Main Structural Components
A complete screw air compressor consists of the following core systems:
System / Component Core Function
Mainframe (Compression Unit) Contains both male and female rotors, serving as the core of compression, determining the efficiency and lifespan of the entire machine
Drive Motor Provides rotational power, commonly asynchronous motors, permanent magnet synchronous motors (variable frequency models)
Intake System Includes air filter and intake valve, controlling the intake volume and start-stop
Oil-Gas Separation System Separates lubricating oil from compressed air, ensuring the cleanliness of exhaust
Cooling System Includes oil cooler and air cooler, controlling the temperature of the unit
Control System PLC intelligent control, regulating loading/unloading, pressure, temperature and protection
Post-Treatment Equipment Storage tank, dryer, precision filter, providing clean, dry and stable-pressure compressed air
Four. Core Technical Features
High Efficiency and Energy Saving
High volumetric efficiency (85%–95%), with low leakage, consuming less energy than piston machines under the same air volume.
Variable frequency models can automatically adjust speed according to gas usage, achieving energy savings of 20%–40%, suitable for fluctuating gas usage scenarios.
Stable and Reliable
Simple structure, few wear parts, with a host lifespan of 8000–15000 hours, capable of continuous operation for 24 hours.
Low vibration, low noise (typically below 75dB (A)), running smoothly.
Good Supply Quality
Continuous airflow, small pulsation, stable pressure, suitable for precision equipment and automated production lines.
Combined with post-treatment, it can provide oil-free / micro-oil, dry, and clean compressed air, meeting high-standard scenarios.
Maintenance Convenient
Long maintenance cycle (4000–8000 hours), daily maintenance only requires replacing filters and lubricants, simple operation.
Five. Main Applications and Application Domains
Liposcrew air compressors are the "universal gas source" for industrial applications, covering almost all scenarios requiring compressed air:
1. Mechanical Manufacturing and Processing
Driving pneumatic tools: pneumatic wrenches, air drills, sanders, riveting guns, etc.
Automation Lines: cylinders, pneumatic valves, robotic arms, spray equipment, injection molding machine closing power.
Surface Treatment: sandblasting, painting, cleaning.
2. Automotive Manufacturing
Vehicle Assembly: pneumatic tightening, component handling, body welding and painting.
Maintenance and Repair: pneumatic tools, tire inflation, body repair.
3. Electronics and Semiconductor
Chip Manufacturing: lithography, etching, wafer cleaning, requiring ultra-high cleanliness and oil-free compressed air.
Electronic Assembly: SMT plating machines, component insertion, circuit board testing and cleaning.
4. Food and Beverage (Hygienic Grade)
Beverage / Beer: PET bottle blowing, filling, sealing, aseptic transportation.
Food Processing: powder / particle material pneumatic transportation, packaging, fermentation tank aeration, spray drying.
Requirements: oil-free / food-grade lubrication, multi-stage filtration, meeting hygiene standards.
5. Medicine and Biopharmaceuticals (GMP Grade)
Drug Production: capsule filling, freeze-drying, aseptic packaging, cleanroom cleaning.
Biological Fermentation: aseptic air supply for oxygen, fermentation tank stirring, material transportation.
Requirements: oil-free, sterile, low dew point, strict control of oil content and microorganisms.
6. Textile Printing and Dyeing
Jet loom: compressed air for wefting is the core power of modern textile.
Sizing, dyeing, setting, cleaning and transportation of yarn.
7. Chemical and Petroleum
Pneumatic valves, instrument control, reaction tank stirring, material pneumatic transportation.
Natural gas compression, biogas compression, oxygen supply for wastewater treatment aeration tanks.
8. Mining and Construction Materials
Mining: rock drills, pneumatic picks, underground ventilation, material transportation.
Construction Materials: pneumatic equipment and kiln control in cement, glass, ceramic production.
9. Construction and Municipal Services
Construction: pneumatic picks, spraying, concrete spraying, pneumatic pile driving machine.
Municipal Services: wastewater treatment aeration, garbage disposal, pipeline cleaning.
10. Other Fields
Printing and Packaging: pneumatic cutting, die-cutting, laminating, blowing film.
Energy and Environmental Protection: Maintenance of wind power generation equipment, compression of biomass energy, drive of environmental protection equipment.
VI. Summary of Selection and Application Scenarios
Preferred choice: Screw machines - required for continuous 24-hour gas supply, with large fluctuations in gas consumption, high requirements for pressure stability / air cleanliness, and a focus on low failure rates for medium and large-scale industrial users.
Cautionary choice: Screw machines - small displacement, intermittent gas usage, limited budget, extremely high environmental dust / humidity scenarios. Piston machines can be prioritized in such cases.
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