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What is the FMVSS certification for headlights on Amazon in the United States? How long is the cycle?
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What is the FMVSS certification for headlights on Amazon in the United States? How long is the cycle?
FMVSS is the abbreviation of the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards of the United States. Since 1968, all vehicles and their spare parts sold in the US market must pass DOT certification and be engraved with the corresponding certification mark, and FMVSS is the standard corresponding to DOT certification.
Purpose of formulation
FMVSS is formulated and implemented by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) of the United States to ensure the safety of motor vehicles and related equipment sold in the United States, and to reduce casualties and property losses in traffic accidents and improve the level of road traffic safety by setting a series of minimum safety requirements.
Main content:
Vehicle structure and design standards
Body strength: stipulates the strength requirements of the vehicle body structure in the event of a collision, such as the body frame of a sedan, the beam of an SUV, etc., which must be able to remain stable under a certain degree of impact to prevent excessive deformation and squeeze the passenger space.
Safety glass: Regulations are made for the performance and installation methods of glass materials used in vehicles, requiring glass to have sufficient transparency, impact resistance and penetration resistance. For example, the front windshield usually uses laminated glass, which can maintain a certain degree of integrity when broken, reducing the harm to drivers and passengers.
Seats and seat belts: FMVSS stipulates the strength and fixing methods of seats, as well as the performance requirements and usage methods of seat belts. The seats should be able to effectively fix the occupants' bodies to prevent them from moving forward or sideways when the vehicle collides or brakes in an emergency. The seat belts need to have sufficient tensile strength and appropriate pre-tensioning functions.
Braking system standards
Braking performance: There are strict requirements for indicators such as braking distance and braking stability of the vehicle braking system. Vehicles of different types and weights have corresponding maximum braking distance limits at different driving speeds. For example, when a car brakes in an emergency at a certain speed, the braking distance must be within the specified range to ensure that it can stop in time to avoid collisions.
Braking system reliability: The braking system is required to have good reliability and durability, including strict standards for the performance and quality of components such as brake lines, brake fluid, and brake pedals. The brake line must be able to withstand a certain pressure, and the brake fluid must maintain stable performance under different temperatures and working conditions.
Lighting and signal system standards
Lighting performance: The luminous intensity, color, and illumination angle of various lighting fixtures such as vehicle headlights, turn signals, brake lights, and fog lights are clearly specified. The headlights must provide sufficient lighting brightness and range to ensure that the driver can see the road conditions clearly at night or in low visibility conditions. The brightness of turn signals and brake lights must be high enough so that other road users can obtain the vehicle's driving intentions in a timely and accurate manner.
Signal control: The flashing frequency and control method of light signals are specified. For example, the flashing frequency of turn signals is usually between 60 and 120 times per minute to ensure that they are eye-catching and in line with visual recognition habits.
There are many FMVSS test items, the following are some typical test items:
FMVSS 100 Series - Active Safety
FMVSS 101: Controller and display test, check the function, layout, logo, etc. of vehicle control devices and display components to ensure that the driver can operate and obtain information conveniently and accurately.
FMVSS 105: Hydraulic brake system test, including performance tests of brake lines, brake fluid, brake pedals and other components, and detect indicators such as braking distance, braking stability, and brake fluid leakage.
FMVSS 108: Lamps, reflectors and auxiliary equipment tests, test the luminous intensity, color, irradiation angle, and reflector performance of lamps such as headlights, turn signals, brake lights, fog lights, etc. of the vehicle.
FMVSS 200 Series - Passive Safety
FMVSS 201: Occupant protection test during in-vehicle collision, specifies the protection requirements of vehicle internal components for occupants during collision, such as the maximum deceleration of dashboards, seat backs and other parts during head impacts.
FMVSS 208: Occupant collision protection test, covering the performance requirements of restraint systems such as seat belts and airbags under frontal collision and side collision conditions. Through dummy tests, data such as acceleration and force during the collision process are collected to evaluate the protection effect on occupants.
FMVSS 216: Car roof compression strength test, to test the strength and stability of the car roof when squeezed, to ensure that sufficient living space can be provided for occupants in accidents such as vehicle rollover.
FMVSS 300 series - fire protection
FMVSS 301: Fuel system integrity test, in various collision, rollover and other simulated accident scenarios, check whether the vehicle fuel system will leak, catch fire, etc., and evaluate the safety of the fuel system.
FMVSS 302: Combustion characteristics test of automotive interior materials, to conduct combustion tests on materials such as seats, interior panels, carpets, etc. in the car, to determine their combustion speed, flame propagation characteristics, etc., and require interior materials to have certain flame retardant properties.
FMVSS 400 Series
FMVSS 401: Passenger car luggage compartment internal opening mechanism test, requiring passenger car luggage compartments to have internal opening devices that are easy and reliable to operate, so that passengers can open the door from inside the luggage compartment to escape in an emergency.
FMVSS 500 Series
FMVSS 500: Related tests for low-speed vehicles (4-wheel vehicles with speeds between 20mph-35mph), including vehicle structural strength, braking performance, light signals, etc., to ensure the safety of low-speed vehicles in specific usage scenarios.
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