Battery forced internal short circuit testing machine

Lithium battery temperature controlled short circuit test box STANDARD FEATURES

The Battery Forced Internal Short Circuit Tester is a specialized device used to evaluate the safety and performance of batteries under internal short circuit conditions. The following is the key information and design points about such equipment:

I. Test Purpose

Simulate battery internal short-circuit (e.g. electrode material detachment, diaphragm failure, etc.) scenarios.

Test the thermal stability, voltage drop, liquid leakage, fire or explosion risk of the battery under short-circuit condition.

Verify whether the safety protection mechanism of the battery (e.g. fuse, PTC, etc.) is effective.

Core test parameters

Short-circuit current: Accurately control the short-circuit current (usually several times the maximum discharge current of the battery).

Duration: Short circuit duration can be set (milliseconds to minutes).

Temperature monitoring: real-time collection of battery surface/internal temperature (thermocouple or infrared temperature measurement).

Voltage/Internal Resistance: Monitor the voltage drop and recovery at the moment of short-circuit.

Pressure Detection: Monitor the change of air pressure inside the battery (especially for high energy density battery).

Third, the main points of equipment design

Hardware part

Forced short-circuit trigger mechanism:

Mechanical: press the electrode through the probe (need to control the pressure and position with high precision).

Electronic: use low resistance alloy piece (such as Nichrome wire) to short-circuit the electrode instantly.

Dynamic triggering: combined with motor or electromagnet to realize rapid contact/disconnection.

Power Supply & Load:

Equipped with programmable DC power supply, supporting constant current/constant voltage mode.

High power load resistor (for absorbing short-circuit current to avoid power overload).

Safety Protection System:

Over-current protection (fuse, electronic circuit breaker).

Emergency stop button (red mushroom head button).

Forced air/liquid cooling system (to prevent battery overheating).

Data Acquisition Module:

High-speed ADC to collect voltage, current, temperature and pressure signals.

Support synchronous recording of multi-channel data (sampling rate ≥ 1kHz).

Software part

Test flow control:

User interface to set test parameters (current, time, trigger mode, etc.).

Automatic execution of test sequences (e.g. pre-charging, short-circuit triggering, data recording).

Real-time monitoring and alarm:

Real-time display of waveforms (voltage/current curves), temperature/pressure trend graphs.

Over-threshold alarm (e.g. temperature > 60°C automatically terminates the test).

Data Analysis and Reporting:

Generate test reports (including peak current, temperature rise rate, failure mode, etc.).

Support data export (Excel/PDF) and visualization comparison.

Typical application scenarios

Battery R&D: Verify the safety of new type of diaphragm and electrolyte.

Quality testing: screening substandard batteries (e.g., internal defects leading to potential short-circuit risk).

Safety certification: testing in accordance with UN38.3, IEC 62133 and other standards.

V. Precautions

Safety protection: explosion-proof box and fireproof material shell are required to avoid danger during testing.

Battery compatibility: Designed to accommodate batteries of different sizes/chemical systems (e.g. lithium-ion, lead-acid, solid-state batteries).

Calibration: Regular calibration of the current sensor and temperature probe to ensure accuracy.