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Help CenterSteel Wire & Nail Making Wire，Q195、Q215、Q235、45#、55#、60#、65#、70#、80#、85#、60Si2Mn、55SiCr、40Cr
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Steel Wire & Nail Making Wire，Q195、Q215、Q235、45#、55#、60#、65#、70#、80#、85#、60Si2Mn、55SiCr、40CrNegotiableMOQ: 5 Metric Tons -
Steel Wire & Nail Making Wire，Q195、Q215、Q235、45#、55#、60#、65#、70#、80#、85#、60Si2Mn、55SiCr、40CrNegotiableMOQ: 5 Metric Tons
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Steel Wire & Nail Making Wire，Q195、Q215、Q235、45#、55#、60#、65#、70#、80#、85#、60Si2Mn、55SiCr、40CrNegotiableMOQ: 5 Metric Tons
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Steel Wire & Nail Making Wire，Q195、Q215、Q235、45#、55#、60#、65#、70#、80#、85#、60Si2Mn、55SiCr、40CrNegotiableMOQ: 5 Metric Tons
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Steel Wire & Nail Making Wire，Q195、Q215、Q235、45#、55#、60#、65#、70#、80#、85#、60Si2Mn、55SiCr、40CrNegotiableMOQ: 5 Metric Tons
Steel Wire Product Detailed Specification
Steel wire is one of the four major steel product categories (plate, pipe, section, wire). It is a secondary processed wire product manufactured from hot-rolled wire rods through plastic deformation processes such as cold drawing and cold rolling. Featuring high strength, excellent toughness and good machinability, it is widely applied in industrial, construction, daily-use and other fields.
1. Core Raw Materials and Corresponding Material Grades
Steel wire raw materials cover full-scenario applications including civil general use, industrial precision, corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, classified by service conditions, strength and anti-corrosion requirements. The mainstream material grades and their characteristics are as follows:
Low-carbon Carbon Steel: Common grades Q195, Q215, Q235, with carbon content of 0.06%-0.22%. It features good toughness, excellent weldability and easy cold working, with low sulfur and phosphorus impurities. As the core raw material for general steel wire, it is cost-effective and highly versatile.
Medium and High-carbon Carbon Steel: Common grades 45#, 55#, 60#, 65#, 70#, 80#, 85#, with carbon content of 0.4%-1.0% and reasonable manganese-silicon ratio. It achieves ultra-high strength after cold drawing and heat treatment, serving as the core material for spring steel wire, prestressed steel wire and high-strength fastening steel wire.
Alloy Structural Steel: Common grades 60Si2Mn, 55SiCr, 40Cr. With added alloying elements such as silicon, manganese and chromium, it delivers outstanding fatigue resistance, stress relaxation resistance and high temperature resistance, suitable for high-end elastic components and precision prestressed steel wire.
Special Functional Steel: Bearing steel GCr15, cold heading steel ML20, ML35, welding electrode special steel H08A, which are specially developed to meet special process requirements of wear resistance, cold forming and welding.
All raw materials adopt hot-rolled wire rods (diameter: 5.5-14mm), which undergo pickling, phosphating/saponification to remove oxide scales and form a lubricating layer for subsequent drawing forming.
2. Production Process
1. Raw Material Pretreatment: Wire rod pickling and derusting → phosphating/saponification coating → drying to ensure clean surface and uniform lubrication.
2. Cold Drawing Forming (Core Process): The wire is gradually drawn to the target diameter through wire drawing machines and hard alloy dies at room temperature. Work hardening occurs during the process, which significantly improves the tensile strength.
3. Customized Heat Treatment:
- Annealing: Eliminates internal stress and improves ductility, suitable for subsequent cold heading and weaving processing.
- Oil Tempering: Combines quenching and high-temperature tempering to balance strength and toughness, mainly applied to spring steel wire.
- Stabilization Treatment: Exclusive for low-relaxation prestressed steel wire to reduce long-term stress loss.
4. Surface Treatment:
- Bright Finish: No coating, smooth surface and low cost, applicable for general scenarios.
- Galvanization (Hot-dip/Electro-galvanized): Provides anti-corrosion performance, divided into Grade A (thick zinc layer, superior corrosion resistance) and Grade B (thin zinc layer, cost-effective).
- Copper/Nickel Plating: Improves conductivity and wear resistance, used for tire, electrical and welding fields.
- Plastic/Paint Coating: Enhances anti-corrosion and decorative properties, applied to fences and craft products.
3. Product Classification, Specifications and Corresponding Material Grades
3.1 Classification by Cross-section Shape
Round Steel Wire: The most widely used type with circular cross-section and diameter of 0.1-10mm, adaptable to most scenarios and producible with all material grades.
Special-shaped Steel Wire: Non-circular cross-sections including square, rectangular, triangular, elliptical, flat, trapezoidal, Z-shaped, spiral ribbed and indented shapes. It is mainly made of 60#-85# high-carbon steel, 60Si2Mn alloy steel and 304/316 stainless steel for special structural and functional requirements.
3.2 Classification by Diameter Size (Unit: mm)
Ultra-fine: ＜0.1; Fine: 0.1-0.5; Medium-fine: 0.5-1.5; Medium: 1.5-3.0; Thick: 3.0-6.0; Extra-thick: 6.0-8.0; Super-thick: ＞8.0. Different diameter specifications match corresponding material grades: ultra-fine and fine wires are mostly stainless steel and high-carbon steel, while thick wires are mostly low-carbon and medium-carbon steel.
3.3 Classification by Tensile Strength (Unit: MPa)
Low strength: ＜390 (Q195/Q215 low-carbon steel); Low-medium strength: 390-785 (Q235 low-carbon steel); Medium strength: 785-1225 (45#/55# medium-carbon steel); Medium-high strength: 1225-1960 (60#/70# high-carbon steel); High strength: 1960-3135 (80#/85# carbon steel, alloy spring steel); Ultra-high strength: ＞3135 (60Si2Mn, 55SiCr high-end alloy steel)
3.4 Classification by Application and Corresponding Material Grades
1. General-purpose Steel Wire: Used for welding electrodes, nail making, wire mesh weaving, packaging and printing industries. Main material grades: Q195, Q215, H08A, featuring good toughness, easy processing and high cost performance.
2. Cold Heading Steel Wire: Used for cold heading production of rivets, screws and bolts with excellent cold formability. Main material grades: ML20, ML35, 45#, with no cracking and superior deformation adaptability.
3. Spring Steel Wire: Used for manufacturing springs and elastic components, requiring high strength and toughness. Main material grades: 65#, 70#, 60Si2Mn, 55SiCr, with excellent fatigue resistance and deformation resistance.
4. Prestressed Steel Wire: Applied in concrete bridges and building structures, including smooth, spiral ribbed and indented types with low relaxation and high strength. Main material grades: 80#, 85# high-carbon steel with professional stabilization treatment.
5. Electrical Steel Wire: Used for overhead communication lines and steel-cored aluminum strands with stable conductivity and oxidation resistance. Main material grade: hot-dip galvanized Q235 steel.
6. Textile & Daily-use Steel Wire: Used for card clothing, hair clips, bicycle spokes and tire steel wire, featuring high precision and smooth surface. Main material grades: 55#, 60#, 70#; tire-specific wire adopts high-carbon copper-plated steel wire.
4. Mechanical Performance Indicators
- Tensile Strength: Core indicator determining load-bearing capacity, unit: MPa.
- Yield Strength: Critical point of plastic deformation; higher strength means stronger deformation resistance.
- Elongation: Extension capacity before fracture; qualified standard ≥5%, higher value indicates better toughness.
- Reduction of Area: Cross-sectional shrinkage ratio reflecting plasticity; higher value indicates better cold workability.
- Hardness: Commonly measured by HV (Vickers) and HRC (Rockwell); higher hardness represents better wear resistance and strength.
5. Executive Standards
- General Standard: GB/T 341-2008 Steel Wire Classification and Terminology
- Prestressed Steel Wire: GB/T 5223-2025
- Low-carbon Steel Wire: GB/T 3091-2015
- Spring Steel Wire: GB/T 4357-2016
6. Packaging, Transportation and Storage
- Packaging: Regular coil packaging or straight bar packaging for large-diameter wires. Packed with moisture-proof rust-proof film and woven bag/iron hoop binding, marked with specifications, material grade, strength and batch number.
- Transportation: Keep moisture-proof, rain-proof and avoid severe collision to prevent coating damage and wire deformation.
- Storage: Store in dry and ventilated warehouse with height padding. Keep away from humid environment and acid-base corrosion. Shelf life: 6-12 months (extended for galvanized, plastic-coated and stainless steel wires).
7. Typical Application Scenarios
- Construction Engineering: Prestressed concrete, steel mesh, fences, scaffolding (Q235, 80# carbon steel wire)
- Industrial Manufacturing: Springs, steel wire ropes, screen meshes, chains, fasteners, tire reinforcement layers (65#, 60Si2Mn, ML35 and other materials)
- Agriculture & Protection: Breeding fences, orchard protective nets, highway guardrail nets (hot-dip galvanized Q195/Q235 steel wire)
- Light Industry & Daily Use: Nail making, staples, clothes hangers, crafts, textile card clothing (Q215, 55# carbon steel wire)
- Energy & Communication: Overhead power lines, cable reinforcement cores, petroleum screen pipes (galvanized electrical steel wire, 304 stainless steel special-shaped steel wire)
8. Quality Inspection
1. Visual Inspection: No cracks, rust, burrs or coating peeling on the surface with uniform dimensions.
2. Dimensional Measurement: Measure diameter with micrometer (precision ±0.01mm); test section tolerance for special-shaped steel wire.
3. Mechanical Property Test: Tensile test (tensile strength, elongation), bending test (toughness), torsion test (torsion resistance).
4. Composition Detection: Spectral analysis of chemical composition to verify compliance with corresponding material grade standards.
5. Coating Detection: Test galvanized layer weight, thickness and adhesion to ensure anti-corrosion performance.
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