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Precision Steel Pipe Product Detailed Description
1. Product Definition
Precision steel pipes are high-dimensional-precision seamless steel pipes manufactured through cold drawing or cold rolling processes. Featuring no inner and outer wall oxidation layers, high surface finish and strict dimensional tolerances, they can be directly used for high-precision assembly and high-pressure working conditions without secondary processing.
2. Core Materials and Chemical Composition
2.1 Common Materials
Carbon Steel: 10#, 20#, 35#, 45# (mainstream type with high cost performance)
Alloy Steel: 40Cr, 42CrMo, 16Mn (high strength and wear resistance, suitable for heavy-load applications)
2.2 Chemical Composition of Typical Grades (GB/T 699-2015, wt%)
Grade |
C |
Si |
Mn |
S≤ |
P≤ |
Cr |
10# |
0.07-0.13 |
0.17-0.37 |
0.35-0.65 |
0.035 |
0.035 |
- |
20# |
0.17-0.23 |
0.17-0.37 |
0.35-0.65 |
0.035 |
0.035 |
- |
45# |
0.42-0.50 |
0.17-0.37 |
0.50-0.80 |
0.035 |
0.035 |
- |
40Cr |
0.37-0.44 |
0.17-0.37 |
0.50-0.80 |
0.035 |
0.035 |
0.80-1.10 |
3. Manufacturing Process
1. Raw Material Preparation: Adopt high-quality round steel bars with zero cracks and inclusions detected by flaw detection.
2. Piercing: Hot rolling piercing to produce hollow billets with uniform wall thickness and no interlayers.
3. Cold Drawing / Cold Rolling: Multi-pass cold working to strictly control outer diameter and wall thickness tolerances, and improve surface finish and structural strength.
4. Heat Treatment: Annealing, normalizing or quenching and tempering to eliminate internal stress, homogenize microstructure and stabilize mechanical properties.
5. Finishing: Straightening, fixed-length cutting, inner and outer surface polishing, flaw detection, cleaning, rust prevention and packaging for warehousing.
4. Specification Parameters (GB/T 3639-2021)
4.1 Dimension Range
- Outer Diameter: 3–168 mm (customizable)
- Wall Thickness: 0.8–30 mm
- Length: 6–12 m (fixed length / multiple length customizable)
4.2 Dimensional Tolerance (High Grade)
- Outer Diameter Tolerance: ±0.05 mm
- Wall Thickness Tolerance: ±5 %
- Surface Roughness: Ra ≤ 0.4 μm (mirror finish)
- Ovality: ≤ 0.03 mm
- Straightness: ≤ 1 mm/m
4.3 Mechanical Properties (Room Temperature)
Grade |
Tensile Strength (MPa) |
Yield Strength (MPa) |
Elongation (%) |
20# |
≥520 |
≥375 |
≥20 |
45# |
≥600 |
≥520 |
≥15 |
40Cr |
≥980 |
≥785 |
≥12 |
5. Product Features
1. Ultra-high Precision: Tolerances reach IT7–IT13 grade, suitable for precision fitting without turning or grinding processing.
2. Mirror Surface Finish: No oxidation layers or pits on inner and outer walls, with low fluid resistance, good corrosion resistance and easy cleaning performance.
3. High-pressure Sealing Performance: Seamless structure ensures no leakage under pressure, applicable for high-pressure working conditions of hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
4. Excellent Machinability: No deformation after cold bending, no cracks during flaring and flattening, supporting complex deep processing.
5. Stable Performance: Uniform microstructure after heat treatment, featuring high strength, fatigue resistance and long service life.
6. Executive Standards
- National Standards: GB/T 3639-2021 (Cold drawn / Cold rolled Precision Seamless Steel Tubes), GB/T 17395-2024 (Steel Pipe Dimension and Tolerance)
- International Standards: EN 10305, ASTM A519, DIN 2391
7. Application Fields
1. Hydraulic System: Oil cylinders, cylinder barrels, servo valve cores, high-pressure oil pipes (for construction machinery and injection molding machines).
2. Automotive Industry: Shock absorber piston rods, steering shafts, transmission shafts, precision bearing sleeves.
3. Precision Machinery: Textile machinery, machine tool spindles, instrument and meter conduits, sensor housings.
4. Aerospace Industry: Hydraulic pipelines and structural parts (lightweight and high strength).
5. Energy Equipment: New energy equipment, high-pressure boiler tubes, oil and gas transmission pipes.
8. Delivery Status and Packaging
- Delivery Status: Annealed (soft state for easy processing), normalized, quenched and tempered (high-strength state).
- Surface Treatment: Bright finish, pickling, phosphating, anti-rust oil coating, polishing.
- Packaging: Bundled packaging for 6m fixed-length pipes, wrapped with moisture-proof film and woven bags, with sealed pipe ends to prevent pollution and rust.
9. Quality Assurance
- Flaw Detection: Eddy current testing and ultrasonic testing to ensure no cracks, inclusions or pores.
- Dimensional Inspection: Full inspection of tolerances via laser diameter gauges, wall thickness gauges and roughness meters.
- Performance Test: Tensile test, hardness test, impact test, water pressure / air pressure test (implemented in accordance with standards).
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