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Help CenterGB/T 9948 Seamless Steel Tubes and Pipes For Petrochemical and Refining Facilities – Furnace, Heat Exchanger, and Pressure Piping
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GB/T 9948 Seamless Steel Tubes and Pipes
For Petrochemical and Refining Facilities – Furnace, Heat Exchanger, and Pressure Piping
Current Standard: GB/T 9948-2025 – Grades 10, 20, 15CrMo, 1Cr2Mo, 1Cr5Mo
Product Overview
GB/T 9948 is the Chinese national standard for seamless steel tubes and pipes used in petrochemical and chemical refining facilities. These tubes are specifically designed for severe service conditions including:
Furnace tubes (cracking tubes) – Petroleum refining cracking furnaces
Heat exchanger tubes – Shell and tube heat exchangers in refineries
Pressure piping systems – High temperature, high pressure, and corrosive media transport
Equipment Key Characteristics:
High temperature capability – Sustained creep strength at elevated temperatures
High pressure capability – Working pressures up to 45 MPa conventional hydrostatic test
Oxidation and corrosion resistance – Resistant to high-temperature oxidation and H₂S/CO₂ corrosion environments
Good microstructural stability – Stable structure maintained during long-term high temperature exposure
Standard Update – Important:
Previous standard: GB/T 9948-2013 (effective 2014-04-01)
Current standard: GB/T 9948-2025 (published 2025-06-30, effective 2026-01-01)
Scope extended: Now covers seamless tubes for petrochemical cracking, high-pressure fertilizer equipment, high-pressure polyethylene alloy steel tubes, and stainless steel furnace tubes for hydrogenation units
✅ GB/T 9948-2025 compliant – Current standard (effective January 1, 2026)
✅ High temperature strength – Excellent creep resistance for furnace service
✅ Seamless construction – Hot rolled, cold drawn, or hot expanded
✅ Heat treated condition – Normalized, normalized + tempered, or quenched + tempered
✅ 100% NDT and hydrostatic tested – Guaranteed integrity
✅ Sour service compatibility – Low P/S limits for H₂S resistance
✅ EN 10204 Type 3.1 MTC provided with full traceability
✅ Factory direct | Stock available | Fast delivery
Key Specifications
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Standard | GB/T 9948-2025 (effective 2026-01-01, supersedes GB/T 9948-2013) |
| Product Type | Seamless Steel Tube and Pipe for Petrochemical and Refining Facilities |
| Steel Grades | 10, 20 (carbon); 15CrMo, 1Cr2Mo, 1Cr5Mo (alloy) |
| Manufacturing Methods | Hot rolled, Cold drawn (cold rolled), Hot expanded |
| OD Range (Hot rolled/expanded) | 22mm – 530mm |
| OD Range (Cold drawn) | 6mm – 108mm |
| Wall Thickness | 2.0mm – 40mm |
| Length | 4m – 12m (fixed or random) |
| Delivery Condition | Normalized, normalized + tempered, quenched + tempered, annealed |
| Surface Finish | Black / Bare / Oiled |
| End Finish | Plain / Beveled |
Steel Grade Overview
| Grade | Type | Tensile (MPa) | Yield (MPa) | Elongation (%) | Impact (J) | Max Temp | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | Carbon steel | 330-490 | ≥205 | ≥24 | — | 400°C | Low pressure service |
| 20 | Carbon steel | 410-550 | ≥245 | ≥21 | ≥39 | 450°C | Standard service – most popular |
| 15CrMo | Cr-Mo alloy | 440-640 | ≥235 | ≥21 | ≥47 | 550°C | High temperature furnace tubes |
| 1Cr2Mo | Cr-Mo alloy | ≥390 | ≥175 | ≥22 | ≥92 | 550°C | Heavy wall pressure piping |
| 1Cr5Mo | Cr-Mo alloy (5Cr) | ≥390 | ≥195 | ≥22 | ≥92 | 600°C | High oxidation resistance; furnace tubes |
💡 20# is the most popular carbon steel grade – used for general furnace and heat exchanger service. 15CrMo is the most popular alloy grade – widely used for high temperature furnace tubes .
Chemical Composition – GB/T 9948 Grades
| Grade | C (%) | Si (%) | Mn (%) | P max (%) | S max (%) | Cr (%) | Mo (%) | Ni |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 0.07-0.14 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.35-0.65 | 0.035 | 0.035 | ≤0.15 | — | ≤0.25 |
| 20 | 0.17-0.24 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.35-0.65 | 0.035 | 0.035 | ≤0.25 | — | ≤0.25 |
| 15CrMo | 0.12-0.18 | 0.17-0.37 | 0.40-0.70 | 0.035 | 0.035 | 0.80-1.10 | 0.40-0.55 | ≤0.30 |
| 1Cr2Mo | ≤0.15 | 0.50-1.00 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.035 | 0.030 | 2.15-2.85 | 0.45-0.65 | — |
| 1Cr5Mo | ≤0.15 | ≤0.50 | 0.30-0.60 | 0.030 | 0.030 | 4.00-6.00 | 0.45-0.65 | ≤0.60 |
💡 Lower phosphorus and sulfur limits for alloy grades – improves H₂S resistance and high temperature toughness .
Delivery Conditions – GB/T 9948
| Grade | Hot Rolled | Cold Drawn |
|---|---|---|
| 10, 20 | As-rolled (finish rolling) | Normalized |
| 15CrMo | As-rolled + Temper | Normalized + Tempered |
| 1Cr2Mo | As-rolled + Temper | Normalized + Tempered |
| 1Cr5Mo | Annealed | Annealed |
💡 Alloy grades requiring tempering must be normalized + tempered – cold drawn tubes for alloy grades must be normalized + tempered .
Critical Requirements for Petroleum Cracking Service
For furnace tube and heat exchanger tube applications, GB/T 9948 mandates:
| Requirement | Specification | Significance |
|---|---|---|
| High creep strength | Specified for alloy grades | Sustained strength at up to 550-600°C |
| High oxidation resistance | Chrome content ≥0.80% | Prevents scaling in furnace atmospheres |
| Microstructural stability | Grain size ≥5 | Preставляет carbide precipitation during service |
| Low P/S content | S ≤0.015% for critical applications | H₂S resistance |
| 100% NDT | UT or ET mandatory | Detects internal defects |
| Hydrostatic test | 45 MPa conventional | Guarantees pressure integrity |
💡 The standard gives high priority to creep strength, oxidation resistance, and microstructural stability – essential for long-term furnace tube performance .
Applications – Petroleum Refining and Petrochemical Facilities
| Industry | Application | Recommended Grade | Service Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Petroleum Refining | Cracking furnace tubes | 15CrMo, 1Cr5Mo | 500-600°C, coke formation |
| Petroleum Refining | Heat exchanger tubes | 20, 15CrMo | 400-550°C, corrosive media |
| Petroleum Refining | High pressure piping | 20, 15CrMo | ≤45 MPa |
| Petrochemical | Furnace convection section | 20 | 450°C |
| Petrochemical | Transfer lines | 20, 15CrMo | High temperature |
| Hydrocracking | Reactor effluent piping | 1Cr5Mo | H₂S + high temperature |
| Hydrotreating | Process piping | 15CrMo, 1Cr2Mo | H₂S + high pressure |
| Catalytic Cracking | Regenerator lines | 1Cr5Mo | High temperature + erosion |
💡 Furnace tubes (radiant section) require 15CrMo or 1Cr5Mo – carbon steel is only used in convection sections below 450°C.
Available Sizes – GB/T 9948 Tubes
Hot Rolled / Hot Expanded Tubes:
| OD (mm) | WT Range (mm) | Typical Grade | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22 – 89 | 2.0 – 8.0 | 20 | Small furnace tubes |
| 89 – 159 | 3.0 – 12.0 | 20, 15CrMo | Furnace sections – most common |
| 159 – 273 | 4.0 – 20.0 | 15CrMo, 1Cr5Mo | Radiant furnace tubes |
| 273 – 426 | 5.0 – 30.0 | 1Cr5Mo, 1Cr2Mo | Transfer lines, headers |
| 426 – 530 | 6.0 – 40.0 | 1Cr5Mo | Heavy wall piping |
Cold Drawn (Rolled) Tubes:
| OD (mm) | WT Range (mm) | Typical Grade | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 – 25 | 1.5 – 4.0 | 20 | Instrumentation, small bore |
| 25 – 50 | 2.0 – 6.0 | 20, 15CrMo | Heat exchanger tubes |
| 50 – 76 | 2.5 – 10.0 | 15CrMo | Furnace tube elements |
| 76 – 108 | 3.0 – 13.0 | 1Cr5Mo | High temperature small bore |
💡 Most popular size for heat exchangers: 19mm, 25mm, 32mm, 38mm, 45mm, 57mm OD.
Most popular size for furnace tubes: 60.3mm, 76mm, 88.9mm, 114.3mm OD .
Dimensional Tolerances – GB/T 9948
Hot Rolled / Expanded Tubes:
| Parameter | OD ≤159mm | OD >159mm | Wall ≤20mm | Wall >20mm |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OD Tolerance | ±1.00% | ±1.25% | — | — |
| WT Tolerance | — | — | ±12.5% | ±10.0% |
Cold Drawn Tubes:
| Parameter | OD ≤30mm | OD 30-50mm | OD >50mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| OD Tolerance | ±0.20mm | ±0.30mm | ±0.08% |
Quality Testing & Inspection – GB/T 9948
| Test | Method | Standard | Coverage | Importance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrostatic Test | Water pressure | GB/T 9948 | 100% | Mandatory – conventional pressure 45 MPa |
| Ultrasonic (UT) | Non-destructive | GB/T 5777 | 100% (by agreement) | Internal defect detection |
| Eddy Current (ET) | Non-destructive | GB/T 7735 | 100% (by agreement) | Surface defect detection |
| Tensile Test | EN ISO 6892-1 | GB/T 9948 | Per lot | Strength verification |
| Charpy Impact Test | EN ISO 148-1 | GB/T 9948 | Per lot | Grades 20 and above |
| Corrosion Test | GB/T relevant | GB/T 9948 | As specified | Intergranular corrosion for austenitic |
| Flattening Test | Ductility | GB/T 9948 | Per lot | Deformation capability |
| Flaring Test | Tube end expansion | GB/T 9948 | Per lot | Tube end forming |
| Macrostructure | Macro etch | GB/T 226 | Per lot | Internal quality |
| Microstructure | Grain size | GB/T 6394 | Per lot | Grain size ≥5 |
💡 Hydrostatic testing is mandatory – conventional test pressure is 45 MPa .
Heat Treatment Requirements – GB/T 9948
| Grade | Hot Rolled | Cold Drawn |
|---|---|---|
| 10, 20 | As-rolled (finish rolling) | Normalized |
| 15CrMo | As-rolled + Temper | Normalized + Tempered |
| 1Cr2Mo | As-rolled + Temper | Normalized + Tempered |
| 1Cr5Mo | Annealed | Annealed |
💡 Alloy steel tubes requiring tempering are normalized + tempered – cold drawn products for alloy steels are normalized + tempered .
High-temperature tempering condition: Tube drawings requiring this condition receive high-temperature tempering treatment to eliminate internal stress and improve plasticity/toughness .
Mill Test Certificate – GB/T 9948
GB/T 9948 Certificate of Compliance – Standard
EN 10204 Type 3.1 MTC – Provided with heat number
EN 10204 Type 3.2 – Available upon request (third-party: SGS, BV, TUV, DNV)
Hydrostatic test report – Mandatory per standard
Heat treatment records – Normalizing, tempering, or annealing temperature records
Mechanical test reports – Tensile, impact, flattening, flaring results
Traceability: Full traceability from melt to finished tube
Packaging & Shipping
| Item | Details |
|---|---|
| Packaging | Hexagonal bundles or steel crates |
| Protection | Anti-rust oil + plastic end caps |
| Marking | Stencil/spray with Grade, size, heat number, GB/T 9948, manufacturer |
| Documentation | MTC + test reports + heat treatment records |
| Lead time | 7-15 days (stock: 20, 15CrMo), 20-30 days (alloy grades) |
| Port | Tianjin / Shanghai / Guangzhou |
Why Choose Our GB/T 9948 Petrochemical Tubes?
| Advantage | Description |
|---|---|
| Current standard | GB/T 9948-2025 – fully compliant |
| Full grade range | 10, 20, 15CrMo, 1Cr2Mo, 1Cr5Mo – one-stop sourcing |
| 20# in stock | Most popular grade – ready to ship |
| 15CrMo available | Most popular alloy grade – ready to ship |
| 100% hydrostatic tested | Mandatory per standard – 45 MPa conventional |
| High temperature certified | Furnace tube performance – creep strength verified |
| Low P/S for H₂S service | Meets sour service requirements |
| Heat treated condition | Properly normalized + tempered for alloy grades |
| Full traceability | EN 10204 3.1 MTC with heat number |
| Global export | Shipped to refineries and petrochemical plants worldwide |
Contact for Quote – GB/T 9948 Petrochemical Tubes
Please provide the following details for your petrochemical tube project:
Grade : 10 / 20 / 15CrMo / 1Cr2Mo / 1Cr5Mo
OD (mm) : _______
WT (mm) : _______
Length (m) : _______
Quantity : _______ (pieces / meters / tons)
Application : Furnace tube / Heat exchanger / Piping / Other _______
Service Temperature : _______ °C
H₂S service? : Yes / No
Inspection : Standard / Third-party (SGS/BV/TUV/DNV)
📧 Email: yjhtrade@gmail.com
📞 WhatsApp: +86 15106174543
🌐 Website:
Reply within 24 hours.
FAQ – GB/T 9948 Petrochemical Tubes
Q1: What is GB/T 9948 used for?
A: GB/T 9948 seamless steel tubes are used for petrochemical and chemical refining facilities – cracking furnace tubes, heat exchanger tubes, and high pressure piping in refineries and petrochemical plants .
Q2: What is the current version of GB/T 9948?
A: GB/T 9948-2025 (published June 30, 2025, effective January 1, 2026), superseding GB/T 9948-2013 .
Q3: What is the most popular grade in GB/T 9948?
A: 20# for carbon steel service (410-550 MPa tensile, ≥245 MPa yield). 15CrMo for alloy steel service (440-640 MPa tensile, high temperature furnace tubes) .
Q4: What is 15CrMo used for?
A: 15CrMo is a 1% Chrome-0.5% Molybdenum alloy – widely used for furnace tubes in high temperature (>450°C) and high pressure service .
Q5: What is 1Cr5Mo used for?
A: 1Cr5Mo is a 5% Chrome-0.5% Molybdenum alloy – used for severe high temperature, high oxidation resistance, and H₂S environments .
Q6: What are the delivery conditions for GB/T 9948 tubes?
A: Carbon steel: as-rolled (hot rolled) or normalized (cold drawn). Alloy steel: normalized + tempered (hot rolled) or normalized + tempered (cold drawn) .
Q7: Is hydrostatic testing required?
A: Yes – 100% hydrostatic testing is mandatory per GB/T 9948. Conventional test pressure is 45 MPa .
Q8: Does GB/T 9948 require impact testing?
A: Yes – for grades 20 and above, Charpy impact testing is required. For tubes with OD ≥76mm and WT ≥14mm, impact testing is mandatory .
Q9: What are the critical requirements for petroleum cracking service?
A: High creep strength, high oxidation resistance, microstructural stability, low P/S limits, and 100% NDT .
Q10: Do you provide third-party inspection?
A: Yes. SGS, BV, TUV, or any customer-specified agency.
Q11: Do you offer free samples?
A: 30cm sample available for common grades (20, 15CrMo). Shipping fee applies.
Related Products – Petrochemical Facility Tubes
GB/T 9948 – Seamless steel tubes for petrochemical and refining facilities (this product)
GB/T 5310 – High pressure boiler tubes
GB/T 8163 – Seamless steel tubes for fluid transport
GB/T 6479 – Seamless tubes for high pressure fertilizer equipment
ASTM A213 – Seamless ferritic and austenitic alloy steel boiler tubes
ASTM A335 – Seamless ferritic alloy steel pipe for high temperature service
Tags: GB/T 9948 Petrochemical Tube Refinery Tube Seamless Steel Pipe Petroleum Cracking Tube Furnace Tube Chinese Standard Heat Exchanger Tube GB/T 9948-2025
Quick Reference – GB/T 9948 Grade Selection
| Grade | Type | Max Temp | Tensile (MPa) | Yield (MPa) | Impact (J) | Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | Carbon | 400°C | 330-490 | ≥205 | — | Low pressure |
| 20 | Carbon | 450°C | 410-550 | ≥245 | ≥39 | Standard service – most popular |
| 15CrMo | 1Cr-0.5Mo | 550°C | 440-640 | ≥235 | ≥47 | Furnace tubes – high temperature |
| 1Cr2Mo | 2.25Cr-1Mo | 550°C | ≥390 | ≥175 | ≥92 | Heavy wall piping |
| 1Cr5Mo | 5Cr-0.5Mo | 600°C | ≥390 | ≥195 | ≥92 | Severe oxidation/H₂S service |
GB/T 9948 vs GB/T 5310 vs GB/T 8163 – Comparison
| Feature | GB/T 9948 | GB/T 5310 | GB/T 8163 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Primary Use | Petrochemical, refining | High pressure boiler | Fluid transport |
| Key Grades | 20, 15CrMo, 1Cr5Mo | 20G, 15CrMoG | 10, 20 |
| Alloy Grades | Yes (Cr-Mo up to 5%Cr) | Yes (Cr-Mo up to 2.25%Cr) | No |
| Max Temp | 600°C (1Cr5Mo) | 580°C (12Cr1MoVG) | 400°C |
| Hydrostatic Test | Mandatory (100%) | Mandatory | Optional |
| Impact Testing | Mandatory (Grade 20+) | For alloy grades | Not required |
| NDT Requirement | By agreement | 100% for seamless | By agreement |
| Application Environment | High temp + hydrogen + H₂S | High temp steam | Ambient to moderate temp |
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