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2. Simple structure and easy operation, capable of conveying in multiple directions.
3. Multi-functional: can convey while heating, cooling, drying, and grading.
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Pneumatic conveying, also known as air flow conveying, utilizes the energy of air flow to transport granular materials along the direction of the air flow within a closed pipeline. It is a specific application of fluidization technology. Pneumatic conveying systems have simple structures, are easy to operate, and can convey materials horizontally, vertically, or at an incline. Additionally, during the conveying process, physical operations such as heating, cooling, drying, and air classification, as well as certain chemical operations, can be performed simultaneously.
**Suction Conveying Characteristics**
1. Suitable for centralized conveying from multiple locations to one location. The feeding points can be one or several, and the material pipes can be equipped with one or multiple branch pipes. It can sequentially convey materials from multiple feeding points to the discharge point, or simultaneously convey materials from multiple feeding points to the discharge point.
2. Under negative pressure, materials are easily sucked in, making feeding at the throat simple. The hopper can be open, allowing continuous feeding and conveying.
3. Materials are conveyed under negative pressure, which facilitates evaporation of moisture. Therefore, it is easier to convey materials with high moisture content compared to pressure conveying; for materials supplied at elevated temperatures, conveying can serve a cooling purpose.
4. Components must maintain a seal, and the structures of components such as cyclones, dust collectors, and airlocks are relatively complex.
5. The fan is located at the end of the system, requiring high air purification.
**Pressure Conveying Characteristics**
1. Suitable for decentralized conveying from one location to multiple locations. That is, there is one feeding point, while there can be one or several discharge points.
2. Compared to suction conveying, the concentration and conveying distance can be significantly increased.
3. Under positive pressure, materials are easily discharged from the outlet, resulting in simpler structures for separators and dust collectors; generally, airlocks are not required.
4. The blower or air compressor is located at the beginning of the system, requiring lower air purification.
5. Under positive pressure, materials are less likely to enter the conveying pipe, so the feeding device has a more complex structure.
**Equipment Working Principle**
Low-pressure air from the air source passes through a regulating valve (or pressure-reducing valve), a butterfly check valve, a flexible air pipe, and a nozzle into the diffuser chamber of the pump body. When powdery or granular materials fall from the hopper into the high-speed air flow zone between the nozzle and the diffuser, they are dispersed. Combined with the aerating effect of the bottom aerating device, the materials become aerated and suspended. They are then carried by the high-speed air flow into the converging section of the diffuser, flow through the throat and diffuser, enter the conveying pipeline, and are transported to the required discharge point, completing the conveying process.
**Equipment Advantages**
1. Materials operate within a closed pipeline, preventing dust emission and maintaining a clean environment.
2. Low energy consumption and low noise.
3. Flexible pipeline layout and small footprint.
4. Capable of long-distance conveying, exceeding 500 meters.
**Equipment Applications**
Pneumatic conveying systems belong to dense-phase medium-pressure pneumatic conveying and are suitable for conveying non-friable granular and powder materials. They are widely used in the casting, chemical, pharmaceutical, and food industries.
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