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structural steel

Structural steel refers to steel that meets specific strength and formability grades. Formability is expressed as elongation after break in tensile test. Structural steel is generally used for load bearing and other applications where the strength of the steel is an important design criterion.

Structural steel can be subdivided into: alloy structural steel, carbon structural steel, low alloy structural steel, heat-resistant structural steel and so on.

alloy steel

In addition to iron and carbon, alloy steel is called alloy steel by adding other alloying elements. An iron-carbon alloy formed by adding an appropriate amount of one or more alloying elements on the basis of ordinary carbon steel. According to the difference of added elements and appropriate processing technology, special properties such as high strength, high toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, low temperature resistance, high temperature resistance, and non-magnetic properties can be obtained.

It can be divided into ordinary alloy structural steel and special-purpose alloy structural steel. The former includes low-alloy high-strength steel, low-temperature steel, ultra-high-strength steel, carburized steel, quenched and tempered steel and non-quenched and tempered steel; the latter includes spring steel, ball bearing steel, free cutting steel, cold stamping steel, etc.

It is required to have high yield strength, tensile strength and fatigue strength, as well as sufficient plasticity and toughness.

Generally, electric arc furnace and oxygen top-blowing converter are used for smelting. For those with high requirements, out-of-furnace refining, electroslag remelting or vacuum treatment, vacuum induction furnace smelting or double vacuum smelting, and suitable heat treatment are used.

The content of alloying elements in this type of steel is quite high, mainly including corrosion-resistant steel, heat-resistant steel, wear-resistant steel, magnetic steel and special steel with other special physical and chemical properties.

Alloy structural steel is widely used in ships, vehicles, aircraft, missiles, weapons, railways, bridges, pressure vessels, machine tools and other structures.

Alloy structural steel has better mechanical properties than carbon steel, especially heat treatment performance.

Its grade is usually expressed by the method of "number + element symbol + number". The first two digits in the grade indicate the ten thousand percent of the average carbon content of the steel, and the element symbol and the following numbers indicate the percentage of alloying elements and their average content.

If the alloying element content is less than 1.5%, its content is not marked.

High-quality high-quality steel adds the symbol "A" at the end of the grade, for example, 16Mn, 20Cr, 40Mn2, 30CrMnSi, 38CrMoAlA, etc.

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