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coal is go up to down,gasification agent is opposite countercurrent movement,they occur chenical reaction and heat exchange.So in the producer gas generator formed a few area,genenrally call ”layer”.
According to the producer gas generator within the gasification process program,that insinde for producer furnace is divided into six layer:1)rock-fill layer;2)oxidation layer(fire layer);3)reduction layer;4)dry distillation layer;5)dry layr;6)empty layer;oxidation layer and reduction layer are collectively referred reactive layer,dyr distillation layer and dry layer are collectively referred coal material ready layer.
(1)Rock-fill layer:coal burns produce ash,forming ash layer,it in the bottom of the producer furnace, it covering the fire grate.
The main function is:
a.Protection fire grate and cap, that they can’t be oxide layer of high temperatuer burn out;
b.Preheating gasification agent,when gasification agent entering furnace bottom, first cross ash layer for heat exchange,make the ash layer bring down temperature and gasification agent temperature riser.general gasification agent can preheat to300-450 C. Make the gasification agent in the chamber as far as possoble even distribution
(2)Oxidation layer:also call fire layer. the ash came up the oxygen and carbon from gasification agent and the generated intense burning happened carbon dioxide, and give off a lot of heat. It is one of the main area gasification process, the height of the oxide layer is generally all fuel block 3-4 times, general for 100-200mm. In generall,the gasification layer temperature less than melting point of coal, control in 1200 °C or so.
(3) Reduction layer: in the top of the oxide layer is reductive layer.Intense heat carbon has
the strong capture oxide with the oxygen in the combined skills, and so in reduction layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor are reduction carbon monoxide and hydrogen by carbon. This layer also famous, called reduction layer, due to the reduction in oxidation layer upon layer, from a rise in the gas to get a lot of heat, so reduction layer have higher temperature for 800-1100 °C, this is the need to absorb heat reduction reaction of provide the conditions. Strictly speaking, restore layer has first and second part ,in bottom the high temperature of the local calls the first reduction layer, temperature of 950-1100 °C, its thickness for 300-400-mm or so; The second is between 700-950 °C, the thickness of the first reduction layer of 1.5 times, about 450 millimeter thick.
(4) Dry distillation layer: dry distillation layer is located in the upper portion of the reduction layer, When the heat use up,the reduction layer rising gas up, the temperature gradually declined, therefore, the dry distillation layer temperature of about in the 150-700 °C, and the coal in the temperature, after the process of low temperature dry distillation, in a volatile coal happen cracking, produce methane, olefins and tar or other substances, they become steam heating mode, namely generation gas and through the top dry layer to escape, and become part of the gas. The height of the dry distillation layer with a content of volatile fuel gas stove and operational conditions and change, general> 100 mm.
(5) Dry layer: dry layer is located in the dry distillation layer above, also is the surface of the fuel, rising hot gas and charging fuel meet in this layer, for heat exchanger, the water heating fuel evaporation. Generally believe that the drying temperature between 150 °C--in room temperature, this layer height also with all kinds of different operating conditions and different, no relative stable layer high.
(6) Empty layer: empty layer that is the fuel layer, inside the furnace free zone, the main effect is collected the gas. Also some person think: the gas in the empty layer stay instantly, in the oven temperature higher and some side effects occur, such as: CO decomposition, and sent out some carbon black: and from six floors above simple narrative, we can see the producer gas generator within the gasification process is more complex,
Both gasification reaction, also have dry distillation and drying process. And in the actual production of the generator, stratification is not very strict, between two layer is often interlaced, each layer is a gradual transition temperature, it is difficult to specific division, each layer gas component changes are more sophisticated, even if in the specialized study, also differences of opinion.
The gas structure: in fixed bed gas stove has a variety of structure, according to different parts of points as follows: 1, feeding device 2, furnace construction: 3, fire grate: pagoda-shaped 4, the structure: atmospheric entire water set worm gear and worm type.
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