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Help CenterSteel Strand- China: GB/T 5224-2023 (Prestressed), YB/T 5004 (Galvanized). - International: ASTM A416 (USA), EN 10138 (Europe), JIS G3536 (Japan).
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I. Product Definition
Steel Strand is a steel product made by multiple high-strength high-carbon steel wires (usually 82B grade) twisted in a spiral direction. After stabilization treatment to eliminate internal stress, it features high strength, low relaxation, and high toughness. It is widely used in prestressed concrete, electric power, geotechnical anchoring, and other fields.
II. Core Classification (By Use/Structure/Surface)
1. By Use (Mainstream)
- Prestressed Concrete Steel Strand (PC Steel Strand): The most commonly used, with a 1×7 structure (1 central wire + 6 outer wires). Available in uncoated/galvanized/epoxy-coated, it is used for bridges, buildings, sleepers, and geotechnical anchoring.
- Galvanized Steel Strand: Hot-dip galvanized surface, strong corrosion resistance, used for overhead power ground wires, stay wires, bearers, and communication reinforcement cores.
- Unbonded Steel Strand: PC steel strand coated with anti-corrosive grease + HDPE sheath, used for post-tensioned floor slabs, foundation pits, and external prestressing.
- Aluminum-clad Steel Strand: High-carbon steel clad with aluminum, balancing strength and conductivity, used for transmission lines.
2. By Structure (Code)
- 1×2, 1×3: Low-wire structure, used for small-scale anchoring and stay wires.
- 1×7: Mainstream in engineering, Φ9.53/11.1/12.7/15.2/15.7mm (15.2mm is the most common).
- 1×19: Large diameter and high flexibility, used for long-span suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridges.
3. By Surface Treatment
- Smooth (Uncoated): First choice for prestressed engineering, low cost and good grip strength.
- Galvanized (Zn): Graded as A (extra thick), B (thick), C (thin) for strong corrosion resistance.
- Epoxy Coating: Acid and alkali corrosion resistant, suitable for harsh environments (e.g., cross-sea bridges).
III. Material and Mechanical Properties (GB/T 5224-2023)
- Raw Material: High-carbon steel wire rods (82B, 77B), cold-drawn to specified diameter, tensile strength 1720–2100MPa, mainstream 1860MPa, 1960MPa.
- Relaxation Grade: Low relaxation (Grade Ⅱ) (mandatory for engineering), relaxation rate ≤2.5% for 1000h; general relaxation (Grade Ⅰ) ≤8%.
- Elongation: ≥3.5% (L=200mm) to ensure toughness.
- Lay Length: For 1×7 structure, it is 12–16 times the nominal diameter, left-hand lay (S direction).
IV. Common Specifications (1×7 Structure, Mainstream for Foreign Trade)
Nominal Diameter (mm) Steel Wire Diameter (mm) Theoretical Weight (kg/km) Tensile Strength (MPa)
9.53 4.24 431 1860/1960
12.7 4.17 775 1860/1960
15.2 5.07 1102 1860/1960
15.7 5.25 1170 1860/1960
V. Production Process
1. Raw Material: High-carbon steel wire rods → pickling/phosphating → cold-drawn to specified diameter.
2. Stranding: Twisting multiple wires according to structure → pre-tensioning → stabilization treatment (300–400℃) to ensure low relaxation.
3. Surface Treatment: Galvanizing/epoxy coating/PE wrapping (as required).
4. Inspection: Tensile test, relaxation test, straightness test, surface quality inspection → ex-factory.
VI. Application Fields
- Construction: High-rise buildings, long-span floor slabs, prestressed beams/slab/piles.
- Bridges: Main cables of suspension bridges, stay cables of cable-stayed bridges, prestressing of box girders, tie bars.
- Geotechnical Engineering: Slope anchoring, foundation pit support, tunnel lining, mine anchor cables.
- Electric Power: Overhead ground wires, stay wires, cable reinforcement cores, communication optical cable reinforcement parts.
- Others: Lifting riggings, ship mooring, water conservancy dams, sleepers.
VII. Execution Standards
- China: GB/T 5224-2023 (Prestressed), YB/T 5004 (Galvanized).
- International: ASTM A416 (USA), EN 10138 (Europe), JIS G3536 (Japan).
VIII. Packaging and Marking
- Packaging: Reel packaging, each reel weighs about 1.5–3 tons, wrapped with moisture-proof film and strapped with steel strips.
- Marking: Each reel is attached with a label indicating specification, strength, length, batch number, standard, manufacturer.
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