Application Fields
•
Gas-Insulated Switchgear (GIS) and Circuit Breakers: Used to isolate high-voltage conductors from grounded metal enclosures, withstanding operational forces and short-circuit current impacts
1、High-Voltage/Ultra-High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission (HVDC/UHVDC): Serve as insulating support components in converter valve towers, where low dielectric loss reduces energy dissipation
2、New Energy Vehicles: Act as DC-Link busbar support sleeves in motor controllers, enduring voltages above 800V, high temperatures, and vibrations
3、Aerospace and Marine Power Systems: Compact medium-voltage insulation components meeting high power density and reliability requirements
Key Performance Advantages
High Mechanical Strength and Toughness: Flexural strength reaches 700–1000 MPa, surpassing alumina ceramics (300–400 MPa), enabling lightweight and compact designs
Excellent Thermal Properties: Thermal conductivity of 20–30 W/m·K and low thermal expansion coefficient (~3.2×10⁻⁶/K), closely matching metals, ensuring thermal shock resistance and efficient heat dissipation
Outstanding Electrical Insulation: Dielectric strength >15–20 kV/mm, volume resistivity >10¹⁴ Ω·cm, and low dielectric loss (tanδ <0.002), ideal for high-voltage and high-frequency environments
Chemical Stability: Resistant to acids, alkalis, salt spray, and industrial pollutants, ensuring decades-long service life in harsh conditions
Comparison with Traditional Materials
Property | Silicon Nitride (Si₃N₄) | Alumina (Al₂O₃) | Epoxy Resin/Composites |
|---|---|---|---|
Flexural Strength (MPa) | 700–1000 | 300–400 | 100–200 |
Thermal Conductivity (W/m·K) | 20–30 | 20–30 | 0.2–0.5 |
Thermal Expansion (10⁻⁶/K) | ~3.2 | ~7–8 | 20–60 |
Max Operating Temperature (°C) | >1200 (inert atmosphere) | ~1500 | ~150 (long-term) |
Challenges and Trends
•
Cost: High raw material and sintering expenses limit widespread adoption
1、Innovation: Ongoing research focuses on microstructure optimization (e.g., grain orientation control) and composite development (e.g., Si₃N₄-SiC) to enhance performance
2、This translation highlights the technical specifications and industrial relevance of silicon nitride high-voltage insulators, suitable for technical documentation or product specifications.
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