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Stainless Steel Type 301 is an austenitic chromium-nickel stainless steel that is available in the annealed and cold worked conditions. In the annealed condition, Type 301 offers the highest level of stretch formability of any stainless steel and in the heavily cold worked condition offers the highest strength level of any 300 series stainless steel. Type 301 is non-magnetic in the annealed condition but becomes magnetic as a result of cold working.
Stainless steel grade 301 is usually supplied in the form of strips and wires, with a tensile strength of up to 1800 Mpa, to produce tempers ranging from 1/16 Hard to Full Hard. By subjecting grade 301 to controlled analysis it is capable of retaining sufficient ductility even in ½ hard conditions. This form of grade 301 may be used in aircraft, rail car components and architectural structures. Tempers of this grade, ranging from ¾ to full hard, may be used in applications requiring high wear resistance and spring features with simple form designs.
Composition
Composition ranges of stainless steel grade 301 are tabulated below.
Composition ranges for 301 grade stainless steel
Grade |
C |
Mn |
Si |
P |
S |
Cr |
Mo |
Ni |
N |
|
|
301 ASTM A666 |
min. max. |
- 0.15 |
- 2.0 |
- 1.0 |
- 0.045 |
- 0.030 |
16.0 18.0 |
- |
6.0 8.0 |
- 0.10 |
Grade Specification
| Grade | UNS | DIN | EN | AMS | ASTM | JIS | |
| 301 | S30100 | - | 1.4310 | - | SUS 301 | ||
The mechanical properties of grade 301 stainless steels are listed in the table below. The bend test is obtained around a diameter of the bend factor multiplied by the steel thickness.
Mechanical properties of 301 grade stainless steel
Grade 301 Temper ASTM A666 |
Tensile Strength (MPa) min. |
Yield Strength 0.2% Proof (MPa) min. |
Elongation (% in 50mm) (thick.>0.76mm) min. |
Bend Test (thickness > 1.27mm) |
|
Bend Angle (°) |
Factor |
||||
Annealed |
758 |
276 |
60 |
- |
- |
1/16 Hard |
620 |
310 |
40 |
180 |
1 |
1/8 Hard |
690 |
380 |
40 |
180 |
1 |
1/4 Hard |
862 |
514 |
25 |
90 |
2 |
1/2 Hard |
1034 |
758 |
18 |
90 |
2 |
3/4 Hard |
1205 |
930 |
12 |
90 |
3 |
Full Hard |
1276 |
965 |
9 |
90 |
5 |
Physical Properties
Physical properties of grade 301 stainless steels are listed in the table below.
Physical properties of 301 grade stainless steel
Grade |
Density (kg/m3) |
Elastic Modulus (GPa) |
Mean Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (μm/m/°C) |
Thermal Conductivity (W/m.K) |
Specific Heat 0-100°C |
Electrical Resistivity (nΩ.m) |
|||
0-100°C |
0-315°C |
0-538°C |
at 100°C |
at 500°C |
|||||
301 |
7880 |
193 |
16.9 |
17.2 |
18.2 |
16.2 |
21.4 |
500 |
695 |
Characteristic
Grade 301 exhibits good oxidation resistance for intermittent services up to 840°C and for continuous service up to 900°C.Corrosion Resistance
The resistance to corrosion offered by stainless steel grade 301 is similar to that offered by 304. This grade exhibits good resistance to corrosion in mildly corrosive environments at ambient temperatures.
Technology
Heat Treatment
Stainless steel grade 301 is subjected to solution treatment annealing in temperatures ranging from 1010oC to 1120°C followed by rapid cooling. For intermediate annealing a low temperature range is chosen. Thermal hardening does not suit this grade of stainless steel.Cold Working
Stainless steel grade 301 and low carbon variants of this grade are predominantly used as high strength stainless steel. The work hardening rates of these grades are very high, in the range of a 14MPa increase per 1% reduction in area of cold work. As a result of this characteristic high strength can be achieved from cold rolling and roll forming operations.
Through such forming methods strain hardened austenite may be partially transformed to martensite. In spite of achieving such high strengths, the residual ductility in the alloy is capable of causing severe cold deformation. The alloy is non-magnetic in the annealed condition, but shows strong magnetism when cold worked.
WeldingStainless steel grade 301 is suitable for all forms of standard welding methods. The use of grade 308L as filler metal is recommended. Welded parts in grade 301 must be subjected to annealing in order to attain maximum corrosion resistance. For grades 301L and 301LN annealing is not necessary after welding. The purpose of welding followed by annealing is to remove the high strength brought about by cold rolling.
The process of spot welding is used to assemble the cold rolled 301 components; this rapid welding technique does not hamper the overall strength of the component.
A list of the possible alternatives to grade 301 stainless steels is given in Table 5.
Possible alternative grades to 301 grade stainless steel
Grade |
Reason for choosing the alternate grade |
304 |
The lower work hardening rate of 304 is acceptable, giving better ductility required for forming. |
316 |
A higher corrosion resistance is required, and the lower work hardening rate of 316 can be compensated for. |
Applications
Surgical instruments such as surgical forceps, wrenches, and wire guides require high corrosion resistance and reliability, and 301 stainless steel can meet these requirements.
Orthopedic and dental surgical instruments, such as fixing plates and screws, require good biocompatibility and durability.
Connecting parts of medical devices, such as bolts and nuts, require high strength and corrosion resistance.
In addition, 301 stainless steel also has good processing performance, is easy to process and form, can be cold-processed and hot-processed, and has good plasticity and weldability.
These characteristics give 301 stainless steel a significant advantage in medical device manufacturing.
Company Profile
Since 2018, Zhongzheng Stainless Steel has actively cooperated with many domestic steel mills. Zhongzheng Stainless Steel regularly exchange steel technology with these mills and make progress from this. ln the process of communicating with customers, we carefully listen to customers' requirements and produce steel products as customers' demands. Under necessary circumstances,Zhongzheng Stainless Steel is willing to help customers find suitable steel mill to produce some special products to save time and cost for customers because we have the reliable resources of still mills to prevent you to be cheated.
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