waveplate, Zero order waveplate; Dual wavelength waveplate; Achromatic wavepalte, IR waveplate

 Waveplates (retardation plates or phase shifters) are made from materials which exhibit birefringence. The velocities of the extraordinary and ordinary rays through the birefringent material vary inversely with their refractive indices. This difference in velocities gives rise to a phase difference when the two beams recombine. In the case of an incident linearly polarized beam this is given by α=2πd(ne-no)/λ, where is α phase difference; d is thickness of waveplate; ne, no are refractive indices of extraordinary and ordinary rays respectively; λ is wavelength. At any specific wavelength the phase difference is governed by the thickness of the retarder.

A half waveplate rotates linearly polaried light to any desired orientation.The rotation angle is twice the angle between the incident polarized light and optical axis.
Quarter Waveplate

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