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Casting a variety of classification method: according to the metal material adopted different, divided into cast steel, cast iron piece, bronze casting, aluminum casting, cast magnesium pieces, casting zinc casting parts, titanium components, etc. And each type of casting and according to the chemical composition or metallographic organization further divided into different kinds. Such as iron castings can be divided into the gray cast iron pieces, nodular cast iron pieces, vermicular iron pieces, malleable iron pieces, alloy ductile cast iron, etc.; According to the different molding casting method and can be divided into common casting sand casting, metal type castings, die castings, centrifugal casting, continuous casting parts, investment casting, ceramic mold casting, electric smelting slag heavy metal castings pieces, double. Among them with sand castings most common application, accounting for about 80% of all casting production. And aluminum, magnesium, zinc and other non-ferrous metal castings, much is die casting.
Casting-properties and USES
Casting have excellent mechanical and physical performance, it can have a variety of different strength, toughness and hardness with the comprehensive performance, still can hold concurrently one or more special properties, such as wear-resisting, high temperature resistant and low temperature, corrosion resistance, etc.
The weight and size casting range is very wide, the lightest weight only a few grams, the heaviest can reach 400 tons, wall thickness of the thinnest only 0.5 mm, the thick can be more than 1 m, a few mm length to ten meters, can meet different departments of industry use requirement.
Casting-quality requirements
casting
Mainly includes the appearance quality, inner quality and use of quality. The appearance quality casting surface roughness, refers to the surface defects, size deviation, shape deviation, weight deviation; and Internal quality mainly refers to the casting of chemical composition and physical properties, the mechanical properties and metallographic organization and exists in casting internal hole, crack, impurity, segregation, etc; Use quality refers to the casting under different conditions of durability work ability, including the wear resistance, corrosion resistance, heat shock quench, fatigue, shock absorption, such as performance and to be cutting sex, weldability and process performance.
Casting quality of mechanical products performance has very big effect. For example, machine tool wear and casting dimension stability, directly affecting the precision of the machine tool to keep life; All kinds of pump impeller, shell and hydraulic parts of the inner cavity size, the accuracy of the type line and the surface roughness, directly influence the pump and hydraulic system of work efficiency, energy consumption and the development of corrosion; Internal combustion engine cylinder block and head, cylinder liner, piston, such as the strength of the exhaust pipe castings and quench resistance of thermal, directly affecting the working life of the engine. Many factors influence the quality of castings, the first is the design of the casting technology. To carry on the design, besides according to the working conditions and metal material performance to determine the geometric shape, size casting outside, still must be from alloy casting and casting process characteristics of the Angle to consider the rationality of the design, that is obvious size effect and solidification, shrinkage, stress, in order to avoid or reduce the casting composition segregation, deformation and cracking defects such as production. The second to have reasonable casting process. That is, based on the structure, weight and casting size, alloy casting properties and production conditions, choose appropriate parting surface and modelling, making the core method, setting up reasonable casting steel, cold iron, take the mouth and gating system, etc. To ensure that you get the high quality castings. The third is cast with quality of materials. Metal burden, refractory materials, fuels, flux, metamorphic agent, and casting sand, sand binder, coating of the material such as quality below standard, can make the formation of castings, pinhole porosity, slag, adhering sand, defects, affect the appearance quality and internal quality of castings, serious by casting scrap. The fourth is process operation, to formulate the reasonable process operation procedures, improve the technical level of the workers, make the procedure to get correct implementation.
Casting production, to the quality control of castings and inspection. First to make from raw materials, auxiliary materials to each specific products control and inspection process rules and technical conditions. For each procedure strictly according to the process rules and control and inspection technology conditions. The last for the finished products for casting quality inspection. Equipped with reasonable to testing methods and the right test personnel. The general appearance of the casting quality, can use comparison specimens to judge the casting surface roughness; The surface of the tiny cracks can be used coloring, magnetic powder law examination. The internal quality of castings, usable audio, ultrasound, eddy current, X rays, and gamma rays and way to check and judgment.
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