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Physical properties
PVC is a thermoplastic polymer. Its properties for PVC are usually categorized based on rigid and flexible PVCs.
Property |
Rigid PVC | Flexible PVC |
| Density [g/cm3] | 1.3–1.45 | 1.1–1.35 |
| Thermal conductivity [W/(m·K)] | 0.14–0.28 | 0.14–0.17 |
| Yield strength [psi] | 4500 - 8700 | 1450 - 3600 |
| Young's modulus [psi] | 490,000 | |
| Flexural strength (yield) [psi] | 10,500 | |
| Compression strength [psi] | 9500 | |
| Coefficient of thermal expansion (linear) [mm/(mm °C)] | 5×10−5 | |
| Vicat B [°C] | 65–100 | Not recommended |
| Resistivity [Ω m] | 1016 | 1012–1015 |
| Surface resistivity [Ω] | 1013–1014 |
1011–1012 |
Mechanical properties
PVC has high hardness and mechanical properties. The mechanical properties enhance with the molecular weight increasing, but decrease with the temperature increasing. The mechanical properties of rigid PVC (uPVC) is very good, the elastic modulus can reach to 1500-3,000 MPa. The soft PVC (Flexible PVC) elastic is 1.5-15 MPa. However, elongation at break is up to 200% -450%. PVC friction is ordinary, the static friction factor is 0.4-0.5, the dynamic friction factor is 0.23.[17]
Thermal properties
The heat stability of PVC is very poor, when the temperature reaches 140 °C PVC starts to decompose. Its melting temperature is 160 °C. The linear expansion coefficient of the PVC is small and has flame retardancy, the oxidation index is up to 45 or more. Therefore, the addition of a heat stabilizer during the process is necessary in order to ensure the product's properties.
Electrical properties
PVC is a polymer with good insulation properties but because of its higher polar nature the electrical insulating property is inferior to non polar polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene.
As the dielectric constant, dielectric loss tangent value and volume resistivity are high, the corona resistance is not very good, it is generally suitable for medium or low voltage and low frequency insulation materials.
Applications
PVC's relatively low cost, biological and chemical resistance and workability have resulted in it being used for a wide variety of applications. It is used for sewerage pipes and other pipe applications where cost or vulnerability to corrosion limit the use of metal. With the addition of impact modifiers and stabilizers, it has become a popular material for window and door frames. By adding plasticizers, it can become flexible enough to be used in cabling applications as a wire insulator. It has been used in many other applications. PVC demand is likely to increase at an average annual rate of 3.9% over the next years.
PVC is widely used in pipes, electric cables, uPVC for construction, signs, clothing and furniture, healthcare, plasticisers, flooring, etc.
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